Tornadoes form when warm, moist air collides with cold, dry air, creating unstable atmospheric conditions. Rising warm air begins to rotate when wind speeds and directions vary at different altitudes, a phenomenon known as wind shear. If rotation strengthens within a thunderstorm, a funnel cloud extends toward the ground, becoming a tornado. Tornado intensity is measured using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, ranging from weak (EF0) to catastrophic (EF5). Scientists use Doppler radar and storm...
