Water is fundamental to life, yet its molecular structure holds fascinating complexities. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, forming a V-shape. This arrangement creates polarity, allowing water to dissolve many substances and making it the "universal solvent." Hydrogen bonding gives water its unique properties, such as surface tension, cohesion, and its ability to exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Unlike most substances, water expands when ...