Back in the 1960s, professional cryptographers discussed the possibility of creating a global information network. The first practical steps in this ...

Back in the 1960s, professional cryptographers discussed the possibility of creating a global information network. The first practical steps in this ...

These extremely low density cotton candy exoplanets—known as super-puffs—are a big puzzle for astronomers trying to figure out how planets form. And, according to new research, some of them might not actually be so puffy after all. “It’s very hard to form planets this fluffy,” says Yale astronomer Tiger Lu, lead author on the new work. “The standard idea of gas planet formation is that planets start as rocky cores, which then gravitationally attract and accrete gas from their surroundings…It ...

These extremely low density cotton candy exoplanets—known as super-puffs—are a big puzzle for astronomers trying to figure out how planets form. And, according to new research, some of them might not actually be so puffy after all. “It’s very hard to form planets this fluffy,” says Yale astronomer Tiger Lu, lead author on the new work. “The standard idea of gas planet formation is that planets start as rocky cores, which then gravitationally attract and accrete gas from their surroundings…It ...