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Topic: “science everyone” focuses on New Coronavirus
Real time epidemic entrance
Produced by: sina science and technology, future Forum
Guest speaker: Wang Linfa Duke - Professor, School of medicine, National University of Singapore and academician of Australian Academy of technology, science and Engineering
After the outbreak of COVID-19, everyone was asking whether the events like SARS and COVID-19 were accidental or predictable. Did Wuhan appear in early December or early November in December? How did the virus come from? How did it spread? I don’t know the right answer yet, but I want to let you know from SARS that the work in this field is very important, but we must be patient. Scientists still need a lot of time to solve this problem. Next, scientists have a lot of work to do. I personally pay more attention to serology.
The above figure is a review of 25 years of research. In 1990, I went to an animal health institute in Australia, which is still the largest P4 laboratory in the world. Before I went to the laboratory, I did biochemistry and molecular biology. Unlike Professor Jin Dongyan, who was originally engaged in viruses, I became a monk halfway from biochemistry and biochemistry to viruses. But fortunately, I worked in virology for about three years and found Hendra virus in Australia. Now looking back, it is the first virus in modern history to pass from bat to horse and human. Its middle host is horse. I am lucky to name this virus.
We discovered the Hendra virus 4 to 5 years later, in Malaysia and Singapore, the outbreak of NIV virus, the size of the virus is larger than Hendra, but the two viruses like SARS and new crown, they belong to the same virus. Now in Bangladesh and India, Nipah virus occurs almost every year. 2002 and 2003, the outbreak of SARS, when I was in Australia, Australia did not have a SARS patient, and later I am honored to be invited by WHO to participate in the tracing group, where I got acquainted with the Wuhan virus Institute, Mr. Shi Zhengli. In 2005, we found the SARS virus in bats for the first time.
In 2012, we found mers Middle East respiratory syndrome again. We know that the animals directly transmitted to humans are camels, but not bats. There is still controversy. The Ebola virus is a relatively old virus. We knew it in 70s, and it had a large-scale outbreak in 2014. The outbreak was more direct evidence that it was transmitted from bat to person. By 2019, it was COVID-19. Now we do not know where it originated. What is the intermediate host? Most people think it probably originated from bats.
Since working with Mr. Shi Zhengli, we have found a large number of SARS like viruses in bats. We have been predicting that SARS will not only have a massive outbreak of new infectious diseases. We have been predicting this in the past 10-15 years. When I was making a presentation, everyone asked me if SARS would come back. My answer is yes. When MERS appeared in 2012, people in our field felt a little disappointed. Our prediction was only half: This is a bat coronavirus, but it is not on another SARS branch in another branch. Later, when I made a report in 2013, I said that the bat coronavirus that might appear next time may be related to SARS or MERS.
As a scientist, you should be happy if your prediction is correct, but for us, our prediction is correct, but its scale is far greater than that of scientists in our field, so it is a little mixed with sadness and joy.
In 2016, I worked with Zhou Peng researcher of the Wuhan Institute of virus research. Our topic is Combating the next SARS-or MERS-like emerging infectious disease outbreak by improving improving, we agree that the new infectious diseases of class I and Qi will happen again, so we have to do the usual epidemiological investigation. Especially in bats.
Last year, I published a review article in the current opinion in virology magazine. At that time, the editor asked us to say what kind of virus we think is the most dangerous next? Virologists are still relatively unified. They believe that the large-scale outbreak is still influenza virus, and the harm of influenza to mankind must be the greatest. We have had H5N1, h7n9 and H1N1 in 2009. Influenza virus will break out every few years. Second, I think it’s the bat coronavirus. This is last year’s article in 7 and August, and COVID-19 appeared in a few months.
Lessons learned from COVID-19
COVID-19 has brought us many challenges this time. First, I think the most important point is the declaration rules. Up to now, we are still following Koch hypothesis, which was set more than 100 years ago. When new infectious diseases appear, first, there should be a patient group, second, the pathogen should be divided from the patient, third, the pathogen should grow in the body, and fourth, if it can be put back, it should also lead to the same disease. Except for the fourth, most of them still follow this “rule”.
This is the rule set over 100 years ago. Now, including COVID-19, we are still following this rule. Although we have high throughput sequencing, our system can wait until you see the sequence. Generally speaking, every country’s government will not declare it immediately, or wait for the pathogen to be reported, or the etiology investigation. I think this is not a national problem, but the problem of the whole world.
So from the WHO to the Ministry of health of each country, maybe after COVID-19, we should consider whether we still prove the pathogen according to the old method before we report it. It can also be reported through high-throughput sequencing. The reported pathogens are not necessarily confirmed pathogens, but suspected pathogens, which may be
Topic: “science everyone” focuses on New Coronavirus
Real time epidemic entrance
Produced by: sina science and technology, future Forum
Guest speaker: Wang Linfa Duke - Professor, School of medicine, National University of Singapore and academician of Australian Academy of technology, science and Engineering
After the outbreak of COVID-19, everyone was asking whether the events like SARS and COVID-19 were accidental or predictable. Did Wuhan appear in early December or early November in December? How did the virus come from? How did it spread? I don’t know the right answer yet, but I want to let you know from SARS that the work in this field is very important, but we must be patient. Scientists still need a lot of time to solve this problem. Next, scientists have a lot of work to do. I personally pay more attention to serology.
The above figure is a review of 25 years of research. In 1990, I went to an animal health institute in Australia, which is still the largest P4 laboratory in the world. Before I went to the laboratory, I did biochemistry and molecular biology. Unlike Professor Jin Dongyan, who was originally engaged in viruses, I became a monk halfway from biochemistry and biochemistry to viruses. But fortunately, I worked in virology for about three years and found Hendra virus in Australia. Now looking back, it is the first virus in modern history to pass from bat to horse and human. Its middle host is horse. I am lucky to name this virus.
We discovered the Hendra virus 4 to 5 years later, in Malaysia and Singapore, the outbreak of NIV virus, the size of the virus is larger than Hendra, but the two viruses like SARS and new crown, they belong to the same virus. Now in Bangladesh and India, Nipah virus occurs almost every year. 2002 and 2003, the outbreak of SARS, when I was in Australia, Australia did not have a SARS patient, and later I am honored to be invited by WHO to participate in the tracing group, where I got acquainted with the Wuhan virus Institute, Mr. Shi Zhengli. In 2005, we found the SARS virus in bats for the first time.
In 2012, we found mers Middle East respiratory syndrome again. We know that the animals directly transmitted to humans are camels, but not bats. There is still controversy. The Ebola virus is a relatively old virus. We knew it in 70s, and it had a large-scale outbreak in 2014. The outbreak was more direct evidence that it was transmitted from bat to person. By 2019, it was COVID-19. Now we do not know where it originated. What is the intermediate host? Most people think it probably originated from bats.
Since working with Mr. Shi Zhengli, we have found a large number of SARS like viruses in bats. We have been predicting that SARS will not only have a massive outbreak of new infectious diseases. We have been predicting this in the past 10-15 years. When I was making a presentation, everyone asked me if SARS would come back. My answer is yes. When MERS appeared in 2012, people in our field felt a little disappointed. Our prediction was only half: This is a bat coronavirus, but it is not on another SARS branch in another branch. Later, when I made a report in 2013, I said that the bat coronavirus that might appear next time may be related to SARS or MERS.
As a scientist, you should be happy if your prediction is correct, but for us, our prediction is correct, but its scale is far greater than that of scientists in our field, so it is a little mixed with sadness and joy.
In 2016, I worked with Zhou Peng researcher of the Wuhan Institute of virus research. Our topic is Combating the next SARS-or MERS-like emerging infectious disease outbreak by improving improving, we agree that the new infectious diseases of class I and Qi will happen again, so we have to do the usual epidemiological investigation. Especially in bats.
Last year, I published a review article in the current opinion in virology magazine. At that time, the editor asked us to say what kind of virus we think is the most dangerous next? Virologists are still relatively unified. They believe that the large-scale outbreak is still influenza virus, and the harm of influenza to mankind must be the greatest. We have had H5N1, h7n9 and H1N1 in 2009. Influenza virus will break out every few years. Second, I think it’s the bat coronavirus. This is last year’s article in 7 and August, and COVID-19 appeared in a few months.
Lessons learned from COVID-19
COVID-19 has brought us many challenges this time. First, I think the most important point is the declaration rules. Up to now, we are still following Koch hypothesis, which was set more than 100 years ago. When new infectious diseases appear, first, there should be a patient group, second, the pathogen should be divided from the patient, third, the pathogen should grow in the body, and fourth, if it can be put back, it should also lead to the same disease. Except for the fourth, most of them still follow this “rule”.
This is the rule set over 100 years ago. Now, including COVID-19, we are still following this rule. Although we have high throughput sequencing, our system can wait until you see the sequence. Generally speaking, every country’s government will not declare it immediately, or wait for the pathogen to be reported, or the etiology investigation. I think this is not a national problem, but the problem of the whole world.
So from the WHO to the Ministry of health of each country, maybe after COVID-19, we should consider whether we still prove the pathogen according to the old method before we report it. It can also be reported through high-throughput sequencing. The reported pathogens are not necessarily confirmed pathogens, but suspected pathogens, which may be
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