Debenture
What Is a Debenture?A debenture is a type of bond or other debt instrument that is unsecured by collateral. Since debentures have no collateral backing, they must rely on the creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer for support. Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or funds.KEY TAKEAWAYSA debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not backed by any collateral and usually has a term greater than 10 years.Debentures are backed only by the credi...
Money Market Account (MMA)
What Is a Money Market Account (MMA)?The term money market account (MMA) refers to an interest-bearing account at a bank or credit union. Sometimes referred to as money market deposit accounts (MMDA), money market accounts have some features that are not found in other types of accounts. Most money market accounts pay a higher interest rate than regular (passbook) savings accounts and often include check-writing and debit card privileges. They may also come with restrictions that make them le...
Debenture
What Is a Debenture?A debenture is a type of bond or other debt instrument that is unsecured by collateral. Since debentures have no collateral backing, they must rely on the creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer for support. Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or funds.KEY TAKEAWAYSA debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not backed by any collateral and usually has a term greater than 10 years.Debentures are backed only by the credi...
Money Market Account (MMA)
What Is a Money Market Account (MMA)?The term money market account (MMA) refers to an interest-bearing account at a bank or credit union. Sometimes referred to as money market deposit accounts (MMDA), money market accounts have some features that are not found in other types of accounts. Most money market accounts pay a higher interest rate than regular (passbook) savings accounts and often include check-writing and debit card privileges. They may also come with restrictions that make them le...

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Xetra is a trading technology platform that is operated by Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse (FWB), the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It offers electronic trading in stocks, funds, bonds, warrants, and commodities contracts.
Launched in 1997, the majority of all trades transacted in Germany are through the Xetra trading venue: more than 90% of all trading in shares across all German exchanges is now conducted through Xetra, making it the largest of Germany’s seven stock exchanges. In addition, about 30% of all trading in exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in continental Europe is transacted through Xetra.
Xetra is a trading technology platform operated by the Deutsche Börse Group, which accounts for more than 90% of all trading in shares at all German exchanges.
Xetra was one of the first global electronic trade systems and still lists the DAX 30 index.
Xetra offers increased flexibility for seeing order depth within the markets, and it offers trading in stocks, funds, bonds, warrants, and commodities contracts.
The Deutsche Börse Group operates Xetra, which is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. A diversified exchange organization, Deutsche Börse Group has a range of products and services that span the financial industry’s value chain, including listing, trading, clearing, and settlement, along with custody services, liquidity management, and more. The Xetra platform offers increased flexibility for seeing order depth within the markets.
Deutsche Börse Group is headquartered in the financial center of Frankfurt/Rhine-Main and has branches in Luxembourg, Prague, London, Zurich, Moscow, New York, Chicago, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, and Tokyo.
Xetra was one of the first global electronic trading systems; it has grown to account for the majority of all stock trades on the Frankfurt Exchange (FRA). The FRA is one of the oldest exchanges in the world and includes notable indices, such as the DAX, the VDAX, and the Eurostoxx 50. FRA hours are from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm on weekdays. The DAX 30 is Germany's benchmark stock market index and is run on the Xetra platform, where it is sometimes referred to as the Xetra DAX.
In addition to opening up the German markets for increased foreign investment, it is currently being used by stock exchanges in Ireland, Vienna, and Shanghai.
There are approximately 170 trading participants on Xetra, and around 50% originate outside of Germany.
In 1969, the first automated system for direct trading among U.S. institutions launched, Instinet (originally named Institutional Networks). Nasdaq was the second automated system to launch in 1971. In the early automated trading systems, trading occurred over the phone (although broker-dealers were able to see the prices other firms were offering).
Shortly thereafter, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) launched its Designated Order Turnaround (DOT) system. This allowed brokers to route orders directly to specialists on the floor. In 1984, SuperDOT emerged, which effectively expanded the number of shares sent to the floor at one time to nearly 100,000. Nasdaq soon offered the Small Order Execution System (SOES) to compete with NYSE.
Today, electronic trading dominates the public markets; however, with greater connectivity comes greater cybersecurity threats. While individuals remain at some level of cyber-attack risk, larger entities such as businesses and government systems are often the main targets of cybersecurity attacks. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security uses high-tech cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive government information from other countries, nation-states, and individual hackers. Any financial system that stores credit card information from its users is at high-risk, along with systems like exchanges.
Xetra is a trading technology platform that is operated by Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse (FWB), the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It offers electronic trading in stocks, funds, bonds, warrants, and commodities contracts.
Launched in 1997, the majority of all trades transacted in Germany are through the Xetra trading venue: more than 90% of all trading in shares across all German exchanges is now conducted through Xetra, making it the largest of Germany’s seven stock exchanges. In addition, about 30% of all trading in exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in continental Europe is transacted through Xetra.
Xetra is a trading technology platform operated by the Deutsche Börse Group, which accounts for more than 90% of all trading in shares at all German exchanges.
Xetra was one of the first global electronic trade systems and still lists the DAX 30 index.
Xetra offers increased flexibility for seeing order depth within the markets, and it offers trading in stocks, funds, bonds, warrants, and commodities contracts.
The Deutsche Börse Group operates Xetra, which is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. A diversified exchange organization, Deutsche Börse Group has a range of products and services that span the financial industry’s value chain, including listing, trading, clearing, and settlement, along with custody services, liquidity management, and more. The Xetra platform offers increased flexibility for seeing order depth within the markets.
Deutsche Börse Group is headquartered in the financial center of Frankfurt/Rhine-Main and has branches in Luxembourg, Prague, London, Zurich, Moscow, New York, Chicago, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, and Tokyo.
Xetra was one of the first global electronic trading systems; it has grown to account for the majority of all stock trades on the Frankfurt Exchange (FRA). The FRA is one of the oldest exchanges in the world and includes notable indices, such as the DAX, the VDAX, and the Eurostoxx 50. FRA hours are from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm on weekdays. The DAX 30 is Germany's benchmark stock market index and is run on the Xetra platform, where it is sometimes referred to as the Xetra DAX.
In addition to opening up the German markets for increased foreign investment, it is currently being used by stock exchanges in Ireland, Vienna, and Shanghai.
There are approximately 170 trading participants on Xetra, and around 50% originate outside of Germany.
In 1969, the first automated system for direct trading among U.S. institutions launched, Instinet (originally named Institutional Networks). Nasdaq was the second automated system to launch in 1971. In the early automated trading systems, trading occurred over the phone (although broker-dealers were able to see the prices other firms were offering).
Shortly thereafter, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) launched its Designated Order Turnaround (DOT) system. This allowed brokers to route orders directly to specialists on the floor. In 1984, SuperDOT emerged, which effectively expanded the number of shares sent to the floor at one time to nearly 100,000. Nasdaq soon offered the Small Order Execution System (SOES) to compete with NYSE.
Today, electronic trading dominates the public markets; however, with greater connectivity comes greater cybersecurity threats. While individuals remain at some level of cyber-attack risk, larger entities such as businesses and government systems are often the main targets of cybersecurity attacks. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security uses high-tech cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive government information from other countries, nation-states, and individual hackers. Any financial system that stores credit card information from its users is at high-risk, along with systems like exchanges.
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