Oral sex, defined as sexual activity involving the mouth, tongue, teeth, or throat to stimulate the genitals, has a long and varied history, spanning across cultures and time periods. Its practice, perception, and prevalence have evolved significantly, reflecting shifting societal norms, religious beliefs, and technological advancements.

Ancient Origins

Medieval and Early Modern Periods

The practice of oral sex is not a modern invention; rather, it has roots in ancient civilizations. Evidence suggests that oral sex was practiced in various forms thousands of years ago. Art depicting sexual acts, including oral sex, has been found globally, offering insights into the sexual practices of ancient peoples. For instance, in ancient Egypt, the myth of Osiris includes a narrative where his sister, Isis, uses oral stimulation to restore life to him. In the city of Pompeii, which was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, archeologists uncovered ancient baths decorated with erotic frescoes, including depictions of oral sex. Another ancient building uncovered in Pompeii, a brothel called the Lupanare, includes similar erotic frescoes as well as a sign advertising the services of a prostitute whose speciality was oral sex. The Moche people of the northern coast of Peru, whose civilization flourished between 560 and 650 AD, created ceramic art that depicted fellatio. The Kamasutra, an ancient Indian text, dating back to the second century, includes descriptions of fellatio in various positions.

The 19th and 20th Centuries

The medieval period in Europe saw a shift in attitudes towards sex, largely influenced by the Church. Sexual pleasure, particularly outside of procreation, was often viewed as sinful. Oral sex, along with other non-procreative acts, was often forbidden.[1] Penitential literature from the time outlined the "correct penance for a variety of sinful acts," with different penalties assigned to cunnilingus and fellatio. This association between sexual pleasure and sin persisted for centuries, influencing societal views on oral sex.

Contemporary Perspectives

The 19th century witnessed the emergence of various slang terms for oral sex in the English language, reflecting its presence in society, even if often hidden or stigmatized. The 20th century brought a significant increase in slang terms for oral sex, and the practice began to be increasingly discussed and explored. During the 20th century, oral sex became a more accepted part of sexual foreplay, and later, a form of sexual pleasure in its own right, particularly with the rise of a focus on female sexual pleasure and mutual orgasm. By the end of the 20th century, oral sex had become a more common component of the sexual repertoire of many heterosexuals.

The history of oral sex demonstrates its enduring presence in human sexual behavior, evolving from ancient practices to its current place in modern society.

In the 21st century, oral sex continues to be a topic of discussion and debate. While it is firmly established within adult heterosexual relationships as a signifier of mutuality and pleasure, it remains a source of anxiety, particularly concerning its practice among youth. Studies have shown that oral sex is a common practice among young adults, with a high percentage of both men and women reporting having engaged in it. Research indicates that the risk factors and natural history of oral HPV infection are significantly different among men and women, and that the sex of an individual performing oral sex influences their risk of oral HPV infection.

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