I. BackgroundDeFi V2 introduced AMMs, lending, and composability, while V3 solved capital efficiency issues through concentrated liquidity. However, V3’s complexity, high gas costs, and lack of flexibility left room for further innovation. DeFi V4—spearheaded by Uniswap V4—aims to create a modular, customizable, and programmable DeFi ecosystem that can serve as the foundation for next-generation financial products.II. Core Features of DeFi V41. Hooks MechanismHooks are smart contract extensio...

I. BackgroundDeFi V2 introduced AMMs, lending, and composability, while V3 solved capital efficiency issues through concentrated liquidity. However, V3’s complexity, high gas costs, and lack of flexibility left room for further innovation. DeFi V4—spearheaded by Uniswap V4—aims to create a modular, customizable, and programmable DeFi ecosystem that can serve as the foundation for next-generation financial products.II. Core Features of DeFi V41. Hooks MechanismHooks are smart contract extensio...