IND Research

Most Ethereum assets assume immediate ownership transfer. Once a transaction is confirmed, ownership changes instantly and irreversibly. This model is efficient and highly composable, but it also creates a specific class of risks:phishing attackscompromised walletsincorrect addressesrushed decisionsinheritance lossTraditional ERC20 systems generally treat transfers as final events. An alternative approach is programmable custody. Instead of transferring ownership immediately, assets can enter...