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Versão portuguesa aqui.
Setúbal is a Portuguese city capital of the District of Setúbal and is included in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon. It has approximately an area of 51.49 km2 and 90,396 inhabitants (considering the total area and population of the parishes of Setúbal (São Julião, Nossa Senhora da Anunciada and Santa Maria da Graça) and São Sebastião (Setúbal)) in 2021, and therefore a population density of 1,755 inhabitants per km2, being the 9th largest city in the country.
It is the seat of the Municipality of Setúbal, which has an extension of 230.33 km2, 123 519 inhabitants in 2021 and a population density of 536 inhabitants per km2, divided into five parishes. The municipality is limited to the west by the municipality of Sesimbra, to the northwest by the municipality of Barreiro, to the north and east by the municipality of Palmela and to the south by the Sado Estuary.
The Troia peninsula, belonging to the municipality of Grândola, is located opposite the city of Setúbal, between the Sado estuary and the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
History
The toponym
Currently, there are many potential origins for the name of Setúbal, the main ones being:
Composed word of Sete (third son of Adam) and Túbal (grandson of Noah);
Word composed of Sete and Tubal (not to be confused with the biblical character) that populated Iberia after the Flood, according to Friar Bernardo de Brito, as indicated in a passage of his book Monarquia Lusitana - Nosso Reyno was the oldest in the village, and Setubal the place where they will first order housing and communal surroundings (Brito 1597: 7). Flávio Josefo, in the History of the Hebrews, also insinuates the same, relating the origin of the name with one of the Iberian peoples - the Tubalinos;
Derivation of the romanized term 'Cetóbriga' (Ceto + Celtic designation briga for Fortified Village) which reached Setúbal by phonetic transformation. In Memoir on the History and Administration of the Municipality of Setúbal (1877) written by Alberto Pimentel, it is suggested that the term Setúbal comes, by corruption, from Cetóbriga;
According to some authors (such as José Hermano Saraiva), like other Iberian and southern European cities, the toponym 'Setúbal' may be related to the hydronym of the river (Sado or Sadão) that flows through the village, mentioned by the Arab geographer Dreses like Xetubre. And, in this case where the toponym Setúbal is related to the hydronym, its origin may be in the word Ketovion, as suggested by Montexano.
From the Neolithic to the Christian Reconquest
Setúbal was born from the river and the sea. Records of human occupation in the municipality's territory date back to prehistoric times, with numerous traces having been collected from the Neolithic period in various places. It was visited by Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians, who came to Iberia in search of salt and tin, namely to Alcácer do Sal, a village to which the river was then navigable.
During the Roman occupation, Setúbal experienced enormous development. The Romans installed fish salting factories and ceramic kilns in the village, which they also developed.
The fall of the Roman Empire, the barbarian invasions and the constant cabotage piracy caused the stagnation, if not the disappearance, of the population between the 6th and 12th centuries. Particularly in this last century, there are no records of the village, 'stuck' between the Christian Palmela and the Arabic Alcácer do Sal.
From the Christian Reconquest to the end of the 20th century XVI
Alcácer do Sal was reconquered by the Christians in 1217. As for the town of Setúbal, it was incorporated and began to benefit from the protection of the Order of Santiago, after which it prospered again.
In March 1249, Setúbal received a charter, granted by the Order of Santiago, mistress of this region, and signed by D. Paio Peres Correia, Master of the Order of Santiago, and by Gonçalo Peres, Commander of Mértola.
During the several centuries of erasure of the population of Setúbal, Palmela and Alcácer do Sal grew in inhabitants and military, economic and geographic importance, making successive incursions in the end of Setúbal, occupying it.
In the first half of the 14th century, the town of Setúbal, with a relatively small territorial extension, had to assert itself, fighting with the neighboring councils of Palmela and Alcácer do Sal, already constituted by then, starting a dispute between neighbors that ends by the demarcation agreement of its own term in 1343 (reign of D. Afonso IV), having been built a wall, which leaves out the outskirts of Troino (to the west) and Palhais (to the east).
Versão portuguesa aqui.
Setúbal is a Portuguese city capital of the District of Setúbal and is included in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon. It has approximately an area of 51.49 km2 and 90,396 inhabitants (considering the total area and population of the parishes of Setúbal (São Julião, Nossa Senhora da Anunciada and Santa Maria da Graça) and São Sebastião (Setúbal)) in 2021, and therefore a population density of 1,755 inhabitants per km2, being the 9th largest city in the country.
It is the seat of the Municipality of Setúbal, which has an extension of 230.33 km2, 123 519 inhabitants in 2021 and a population density of 536 inhabitants per km2, divided into five parishes. The municipality is limited to the west by the municipality of Sesimbra, to the northwest by the municipality of Barreiro, to the north and east by the municipality of Palmela and to the south by the Sado Estuary.
The Troia peninsula, belonging to the municipality of Grândola, is located opposite the city of Setúbal, between the Sado estuary and the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
History
The toponym
Currently, there are many potential origins for the name of Setúbal, the main ones being:
Composed word of Sete (third son of Adam) and Túbal (grandson of Noah);
Word composed of Sete and Tubal (not to be confused with the biblical character) that populated Iberia after the Flood, according to Friar Bernardo de Brito, as indicated in a passage of his book Monarquia Lusitana - Nosso Reyno was the oldest in the village, and Setubal the place where they will first order housing and communal surroundings (Brito 1597: 7). Flávio Josefo, in the History of the Hebrews, also insinuates the same, relating the origin of the name with one of the Iberian peoples - the Tubalinos;
Derivation of the romanized term 'Cetóbriga' (Ceto + Celtic designation briga for Fortified Village) which reached Setúbal by phonetic transformation. In Memoir on the History and Administration of the Municipality of Setúbal (1877) written by Alberto Pimentel, it is suggested that the term Setúbal comes, by corruption, from Cetóbriga;
According to some authors (such as José Hermano Saraiva), like other Iberian and southern European cities, the toponym 'Setúbal' may be related to the hydronym of the river (Sado or Sadão) that flows through the village, mentioned by the Arab geographer Dreses like Xetubre. And, in this case where the toponym Setúbal is related to the hydronym, its origin may be in the word Ketovion, as suggested by Montexano.
From the Neolithic to the Christian Reconquest
Setúbal was born from the river and the sea. Records of human occupation in the municipality's territory date back to prehistoric times, with numerous traces having been collected from the Neolithic period in various places. It was visited by Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians, who came to Iberia in search of salt and tin, namely to Alcácer do Sal, a village to which the river was then navigable.
During the Roman occupation, Setúbal experienced enormous development. The Romans installed fish salting factories and ceramic kilns in the village, which they also developed.
The fall of the Roman Empire, the barbarian invasions and the constant cabotage piracy caused the stagnation, if not the disappearance, of the population between the 6th and 12th centuries. Particularly in this last century, there are no records of the village, 'stuck' between the Christian Palmela and the Arabic Alcácer do Sal.
From the Christian Reconquest to the end of the 20th century XVI
Alcácer do Sal was reconquered by the Christians in 1217. As for the town of Setúbal, it was incorporated and began to benefit from the protection of the Order of Santiago, after which it prospered again.
In March 1249, Setúbal received a charter, granted by the Order of Santiago, mistress of this region, and signed by D. Paio Peres Correia, Master of the Order of Santiago, and by Gonçalo Peres, Commander of Mértola.
During the several centuries of erasure of the population of Setúbal, Palmela and Alcácer do Sal grew in inhabitants and military, economic and geographic importance, making successive incursions in the end of Setúbal, occupying it.
In the first half of the 14th century, the town of Setúbal, with a relatively small territorial extension, had to assert itself, fighting with the neighboring councils of Palmela and Alcácer do Sal, already constituted by then, starting a dispute between neighbors that ends by the demarcation agreement of its own term in 1343 (reign of D. Afonso IV), having been built a wall, which leaves out the outskirts of Troino (to the west) and Palhais (to the east).
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