migalabsAnalysis of Ethereum2 Consensus Clients
Ethereum is moving towards a major upgrade that aims at making the network more sustainable, with the transition from Proof-of-Work (PoW) to Proof-of-Stake, and more scalable with the introduction of data sharding. This process started with the deployment of the Beacon Chain in December 2020 and the next step called the Merge which is expected to happen later this year. In this article we look at how far the Ethereum 2 ecosystem has progressed in this transition and how ready is to move to th...
migalabsValidators or value-takers?
Diving into the pools and dark forests of PoS Ethereum“The panda will never fulfill his destiny, nor you yours, until you let go of the illusion of control.” - Master OogwayIntroductionIt is not often that fate provides us blockchain analysts with an event as pivotal and rich in data as the Ethereum merge. For this reason, we wasted no time merging (pun intended) minds from Metrika and Miga Labs to assemble a crack team of analysts and engineers ready to delve into this fount of data. Our int...
migalabsCL Client Rewards Analysis
When it comes to running a validator in the Ethereum ecosystem, especially after The Merge, it is important to measure its performance, as this will directly impact how many rewards it obtains. Therefore, we have analyzed how many rewards validators obtain, in order to get some hints of their performance in the network.IntroductionFrom a hardware perspective, running a validator in the Ethereum ecosystem requires, nowadays, two different clients. The execution layer (EL) client is in charge o...
Miga Labs is a research group specialized in next-generation Blockchain technology, focused on consensus protocols and p2p networks.
migalabsAnalysis of Ethereum2 Consensus Clients
Ethereum is moving towards a major upgrade that aims at making the network more sustainable, with the transition from Proof-of-Work (PoW) to Proof-of-Stake, and more scalable with the introduction of data sharding. This process started with the deployment of the Beacon Chain in December 2020 and the next step called the Merge which is expected to happen later this year. In this article we look at how far the Ethereum 2 ecosystem has progressed in this transition and how ready is to move to th...
migalabsValidators or value-takers?
Diving into the pools and dark forests of PoS Ethereum“The panda will never fulfill his destiny, nor you yours, until you let go of the illusion of control.” - Master OogwayIntroductionIt is not often that fate provides us blockchain analysts with an event as pivotal and rich in data as the Ethereum merge. For this reason, we wasted no time merging (pun intended) minds from Metrika and Miga Labs to assemble a crack team of analysts and engineers ready to delve into this fount of data. Our int...
migalabsCL Client Rewards Analysis
When it comes to running a validator in the Ethereum ecosystem, especially after The Merge, it is important to measure its performance, as this will directly impact how many rewards it obtains. Therefore, we have analyzed how many rewards validators obtain, in order to get some hints of their performance in the network.IntroductionFrom a hardware perspective, running a validator in the Ethereum ecosystem requires, nowadays, two different clients. The execution layer (EL) client is in charge o...
Miga Labs is a research group specialized in next-generation Blockchain technology, focused on consensus protocols and p2p networks.
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At MigaLabs we are glad to release the report of our latest collaboration with the Obol team. Earlier this year we did a performance study on the Obol Distributed Validator Technology (DVT), running validators in different machines, cloud providers, and geographical locations.
Since September 2022, the Ethereum blockchain is composed of two layers: the Consensus Layer (CL) and the Execution Layer (EL). The Consensus Layer is formed by validators (a single node running 24/7 with a validated key), who decide which is the Ethereum canonical chain.
With DVT, a validator can be split into several nodes, removing the single-point-of-failure for validators, and creating an active-active redundancy with a failure threshold (depending on the cluster). This technology adds an extra layer of complexity to the validator mechanism and therefore it is important to study its performance.
The goal of the study was to compare the consensus performance of the Distributed Validators (DVs) vs conventional validators in the Ethereum ecosystem. As mentioned, the DVT adds some extra complexity, which could potentially induce higher latencies, missed duties, and fewer rewards.
To do this study, we measured the achieved consensus duties and their rewards, which define the performance of a validator.
The study involved:
21 different machines (from two different cloud providers and 4 continents)
3 different clusters (of sizes 4, 7, and 10 nodes)
3000 validators on the Goerli network
More than 10k epochs of measurements
During the study, we measured:
Hardware resource consumption
The latency between the nodes in the same cluster
Consensus duties achievement
Obtained rewards
At MigaLabs we are glad to release the report of our latest collaboration with the Obol team. Earlier this year we did a performance study on the Obol Distributed Validator Technology (DVT), running validators in different machines, cloud providers, and geographical locations.
Since September 2022, the Ethereum blockchain is composed of two layers: the Consensus Layer (CL) and the Execution Layer (EL). The Consensus Layer is formed by validators (a single node running 24/7 with a validated key), who decide which is the Ethereum canonical chain.
With DVT, a validator can be split into several nodes, removing the single-point-of-failure for validators, and creating an active-active redundancy with a failure threshold (depending on the cluster). This technology adds an extra layer of complexity to the validator mechanism and therefore it is important to study its performance.
The goal of the study was to compare the consensus performance of the Distributed Validators (DVs) vs conventional validators in the Ethereum ecosystem. As mentioned, the DVT adds some extra complexity, which could potentially induce higher latencies, missed duties, and fewer rewards.
To do this study, we measured the achieved consensus duties and their rewards, which define the performance of a validator.
The study involved:
21 different machines (from two different cloud providers and 4 continents)
3 different clusters (of sizes 4, 7, and 10 nodes)
3000 validators on the Goerli network
More than 10k epochs of measurements
During the study, we measured:
Hardware resource consumption
The latency between the nodes in the same cluster
Consensus duties achievement
Obtained rewards
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