Tokens are the killer app of smart contract blockchains. Vitalik may have suspected as much when he listed “Token Systems” as the first among many possible applications in the original Ethereum whitepaper. This simple abstraction is the foundation of DeFi and cross-chain applications. Much has changed in the crypto landscape since 2014. For one, people now call it “Web3”... Monolithic, general-purpose, permissionless chains have reached the limits of their scalability. They have been compleme...
