Modern science believes that psychological phenomena appear with the emergence of the nervous system. Nervous system from low to high, mental activities from simple to complex. The more complex the nervous system, the more complex the mental activity. The human mind is undoubtedly the most complex. There are many mysteries about the human nervous system. So far, we know that the human nervous system is made up of two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are located mainly in the cranial cavity and spine; The peripheral nervous system has 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Our daily mental and physical activities are under the control of this entire nervous system. For example, when reading a book, seeing images (words) is the work of the optic nerve in the middle of the brain nerve. When you've finished reading a page and need to turn the page, the central nervous system sends instructions to the spinal nerves, triggering the body to act. This is the normal mental process. So what about abnormal mental activity? We tend to look at two things: one is physical, the other is psychological. Physiological causes fall into two categories. One is organic damage. For example, in the cerebral cortex, a little bit behind our foreheads, there's a Broca's area, which is the motor center of speech. When this area is injured, it leads to expressive aphasia. In other words, the individual can read the words in the book, but cannot speak them. The Wilnick area above the ear is a key part of speech recognition and semantic composition. If this area is injured, then the individual can hear what the other person is saying, but doesn't know what it means. Another physiological reason is that there is something wrong with the transmission of information. The communication between neurons depends on various hormones. If there is a problem in the endocrine system of the human body, hormone secretion is not normal, it will affect the transmission of information. Serotonin, for example, is a "pleasure hormone" that transmits feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. If the hormone is too low, people tend to be depressed for a long time, which is known as "depression". Many antidepressants enhance the neurological effects of serotonin, which can improve symptoms. Studying abnormal mental state from physiological Angle is the main research direction of psychiatry. Psychiatry focuses on the medical treatment of abnormal mental states, with drugs and surgery performed in hospitals, but is not the primary area of study for psychologists. The branch of psychology that studies abnormal mental states from a psychological perspective is called abnormal psychology. This "abnormal" is actually corresponding to the "normal", and has no meaning of praise or criticism. Abnormal psychology focuses on the basic nature, characteristics, occurrence and formation process of abnormal psychology, which involves the psychological differences of each individual and the impact of living environment on the occurrence and development of abnormal psychology. So in the eyes of psychologists, what are the psychological causes of psychological abnormalities? It can be summarized as: in the normal process of psychological development, some parts are hurt or hindered. An old Chinese saying -- once bitten, twice shy is a case in point. If an individual is accidentally bitten by a snake and causes physical pain, the pain will become a horrible memory and be retained in the mind. When the individual saw the snake again, the fearful memory was recalled and the individual felt afraid even when there was no danger of being bitten. At this time, the individual's cognition of the snake has a certain distortion. If the initial pain of the bite was particularly intense, if the fear was particularly intense, then the individual's perception of other similarly shaped objects would also be distorted. This is called generalization in psychology, where the distorted perception of the snake is transferred to all similarly shaped objects. If this situation continues for a long time, the individual will form a "ten years shy of the rope" emotional response. This is how abnormal psychology is produced. This is only one case, of course. More often, we simply don't know exactly what triggers abnormal mental activity. It could be an experience of childhood that we have long forgotten, or it could be a stereotype that has been challenged for a number of reasons. This is where psychological counseling comes in.

Modern science believes that psychological phenomena appear with the emergence of the nervous system. Nervous system from low to high, mental activities from simple to complex. The more complex the nervous system, the more complex the mental activity. The human mind is undoubtedly the most complex. There are many mysteries about the human nervous system. So far, we know that the human nervous system is made up of two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are located mainly in the cranial cavity and spine; The peripheral nervous system has 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Our daily mental and physical activities are under the control of this entire nervous system. For example, when reading a book, seeing images (words) is the work of the optic nerve in the middle of the brain nerve. When you've finished reading a page and need to turn the page, the central nervous system sends instructions to the spinal nerves, triggering the body to act. This is the normal mental process. So what about abnormal mental activity? We tend to look at two things: one is physical, the other is psychological. Physiological causes fall into two categories. One is organic damage. For example, in the cerebral cortex, a little bit behind our foreheads, there's a Broca's area, which is the motor center of speech. When this area is injured, it leads to expressive aphasia. In other words, the individual can read the words in the book, but cannot speak them. The Wilnick area above the ear is a key part of speech recognition and semantic composition. If this area is injured, then the individual can hear what the other person is saying, but doesn't know what it means. Another physiological reason is that there is something wrong with the transmission of information. The communication between neurons depends on various hormones. If there is a problem in the endocrine system of the human body, hormone secretion is not normal, it will affect the transmission of information. Serotonin, for example, is a "pleasure hormone" that transmits feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. If the hormone is too low, people tend to be depressed for a long time, which is known as "depression". Many antidepressants enhance the neurological effects of serotonin, which can improve symptoms. Studying abnormal mental state from physiological Angle is the main research direction of psychiatry. Psychiatry focuses on the medical treatment of abnormal mental states, with drugs and surgery performed in hospitals, but is not the primary area of study for psychologists. The branch of psychology that studies abnormal mental states from a psychological perspective is called abnormal psychology. This "abnormal" is actually corresponding to the "normal", and has no meaning of praise or criticism. Abnormal psychology focuses on the basic nature, characteristics, occurrence and formation process of abnormal psychology, which involves the psychological differences of each individual and the impact of living environment on the occurrence and development of abnormal psychology. So in the eyes of psychologists, what are the psychological causes of psychological abnormalities? It can be summarized as: in the normal process of psychological development, some parts are hurt or hindered. An old Chinese saying -- once bitten, twice shy is a case in point. If an individual is accidentally bitten by a snake and causes physical pain, the pain will become a horrible memory and be retained in the mind. When the individual saw the snake again, the fearful memory was recalled and the individual felt afraid even when there was no danger of being bitten. At this time, the individual's cognition of the snake has a certain distortion. If the initial pain of the bite was particularly intense, if the fear was particularly intense, then the individual's perception of other similarly shaped objects would also be distorted. This is called generalization in psychology, where the distorted perception of the snake is transferred to all similarly shaped objects. If this situation continues for a long time, the individual will form a "ten years shy of the rope" emotional response. This is how abnormal psychology is produced. This is only one case, of course. More often, we simply don't know exactly what triggers abnormal mental activity. It could be an experience of childhood that we have long forgotten, or it could be a stereotype that has been challenged for a number of reasons. This is where psychological counseling comes in.