ETH源码学习(2)GetBalance
从这开始读,因为最简单。还能对重要的东西有所理解。如果是单节点debug,重启链之后余额会归零,所以最少要两个节点,同步区块就没这个问题了,具体原因还未知。 声明:eth版本:Geth/v1.10.7-unstable/darwin-arm64/go1.17.5,我对比了网上的一些文章,这块代码有改动,主要以下改变从BlockChain的snap中读account几乎放弃从trie中获取account,判断极为严苛,我想不到有什么情况能进入,应该是放弃了这层分析入口//命令 eth.getBalance('0x0d7dd6dbabee2ec9b325aa7aa8b42d75068e8597') //入口 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetBalance(ctx context.Context, address common.Address, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) (*hexutil.Big, error) { //获取statedb state, _, err := s.b.StateAndHea...
Ether.js+Web3modal基础使用
1.说明现在网站会提供很多种钱包,web3modal可以提供统一的provider,不需要你操心太多东西用ether.js而不是web3.js的原因是简单,爽2.安装npm i web3modal npm i ethers //另外还需要安装对应wallet的包,自行搜索就行 3.连接钱包// MM默认就有,无需显式加入 const providerOptions = { walletconnect: { package: walletconnectProvider, options: { infuraId: "", }, }, }; //构建Web3Modal对象 const web3Modal = new Web3Modal({ //缓存provider cacheProvider: true, providerOptions, }); //连接wallet async function connect() { try { const web3ModalProvider = await web3Modal.connect(); provider = new ethers.pr...
ETH源码学习(1)创建私有链
下载geth,创建genesis.json{ "config": { "chainId": 8888, //自行修改 "homesteadBlock": 0, "daoForkBlock": 0, "daoForkSupport": true, "eip150Block": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0, "byzantiumBlock": 0, "constantinopleBlock": 0, "petersburgBlock": 0, "ethash": {} }, "nonce": "0x42", "timestamp": "0x0", "extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa", "gasLimit": "0xffffffff", "difficulty": "0x700000",//难度,越大挖矿越慢 "alloc": { "093f59f1d91017d30d8c2caa78feb5beb0d2cfaf...
ETH源码学习(2)GetBalance
从这开始读,因为最简单。还能对重要的东西有所理解。如果是单节点debug,重启链之后余额会归零,所以最少要两个节点,同步区块就没这个问题了,具体原因还未知。 声明:eth版本:Geth/v1.10.7-unstable/darwin-arm64/go1.17.5,我对比了网上的一些文章,这块代码有改动,主要以下改变从BlockChain的snap中读account几乎放弃从trie中获取account,判断极为严苛,我想不到有什么情况能进入,应该是放弃了这层分析入口//命令 eth.getBalance('0x0d7dd6dbabee2ec9b325aa7aa8b42d75068e8597') //入口 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetBalance(ctx context.Context, address common.Address, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) (*hexutil.Big, error) { //获取statedb state, _, err := s.b.StateAndHea...
Ether.js+Web3modal基础使用
1.说明现在网站会提供很多种钱包,web3modal可以提供统一的provider,不需要你操心太多东西用ether.js而不是web3.js的原因是简单,爽2.安装npm i web3modal npm i ethers //另外还需要安装对应wallet的包,自行搜索就行 3.连接钱包// MM默认就有,无需显式加入 const providerOptions = { walletconnect: { package: walletconnectProvider, options: { infuraId: "", }, }, }; //构建Web3Modal对象 const web3Modal = new Web3Modal({ //缓存provider cacheProvider: true, providerOptions, }); //连接wallet async function connect() { try { const web3ModalProvider = await web3Modal.connect(); provider = new ethers.pr...
ETH源码学习(1)创建私有链
下载geth,创建genesis.json{ "config": { "chainId": 8888, //自行修改 "homesteadBlock": 0, "daoForkBlock": 0, "daoForkSupport": true, "eip150Block": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0, "byzantiumBlock": 0, "constantinopleBlock": 0, "petersburgBlock": 0, "ethash": {} }, "nonce": "0x42", "timestamp": "0x0", "extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa", "gasLimit": "0xffffffff", "difficulty": "0x700000",//难度,越大挖矿越慢 "alloc": { "093f59f1d91017d30d8c2caa78feb5beb0d2cfaf...
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处理tx要先开启挖矿
设置好新区块总gas
检查总gas,重放
将gas转化成msg
创建evm
检查我们的余额是否足够接下来的操作
调用evm执行合约/eth转账
转账的话addr放入内存,然后执行transfer,修改stateobject的值
给矿工钱
返回receipt
miner.start()
//入口
func (w *worker) commitTransactions(txs *types.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce, coinbase common.Address, interrupt *int32) bool {
// Short circuit if current is nil
if w.current == nil {
return true
}
//先设置好总的gas,因为eth是按gas上限来规定一个区块的大小,btc是按区块容量
gasLimit := w.current.header.GasLimit
if w.current.gasPool == nil {
w.current.gasPool = new(core.GasPool).AddGas(gasLimit)
}
var coalescedLogs []*types.Log
for {
// In the following three cases, we will interrupt the execution of the transaction.
在以下三种情况下,我们将中断事务的执行。
// (1) new head block event arrival, the interrupt signal is 1
新磁头块事件到达时,中断信号为1
// (2) worker start or restart, the interrupt signal is 1
工人启动或重启,中断信号为1
// (3) worker recreate the mining block with any newly arrived transactions, the interrupt signal is 2.
工人用任何新到达的事务重新创建采矿区块,中断信号为2。
// For the first two cases, the semi-finished work will be discarded.
对于前两种情况,半成品将被丢弃。
// For the third case, the semi-finished work will be submitted to the consensus engine.
对于第三种情况,半成品将提交给共识引擎。
if interrupt != nil && atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) != commitInterruptNone {
// Notify resubmit loop to increase resubmitting interval due to too frequent commits.
由于提交过于频繁,通知重新提交循环以增加重新提交间隔。
if atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptResubmit {
ratio := float64(gasLimit-w.current.gasPool.Gas()) / float64(gasLimit)
if ratio < 0.1 {
ratio = 0.1
}
w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{
ratio: ratio,
inc: true,
}
}
return atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptNewHead
}
// If we don't have enough gas for any further transactions then we're done
如果我们没有足够的gas来做进一步的交易,那我们结束
if w.current.gasPool.Gas() < params.TxGas {
log.Trace("Not enough gas for further transactions", "have", w.current.gasPool, "want", params.TxGas)
break
}
// Retrieve the next transaction and abort if all done
//检索下一笔交易,如果交易集合为空则退出 commit
tx := txs.Peek()
if tx == nil {
break
}
// Error may be ignored here. The error has already been checked
//这里可以忽略错误。已检查错误
// during transaction acceptance is the transaction pool.
//在事务接受期间,是事务池。
// We use the eip155 signer regardless of the current hf.
//我们使用eip155签名者,而不考虑当前的hf。eth硬分叉事件
from, _ := types.Sender(w.current.signer, tx)
// Check whether the tx is replay protected. If we're not in the EIP155 hf
// phase, start ignoring the sender until we do.
if tx.Protected() && !w.chainConfig.IsEIP155(w.current.header.Number) {
log.Trace("Ignoring reply protected transaction", "hash", tx.Hash(), "eip155", w.chainConfig.EIP155Block)
txs.Pop()
continue
}
// Start executing the transaction
w.current.state.Prepare(tx.Hash(), w.current.tcount)
// 执行交易
logs, err := w.commitTransaction(tx, coinbase)
switch {
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrGasLimitReached):
// Pop the current out-of-gas transaction without shifting in the next from the account
在不从账户转入下一笔交易的情况下,弹出当前的out of gas交易
log.Trace("Gas limit exceeded for current block", "sender", from)
txs.Pop()
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooLow):
// New head notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, shift
log.Trace("Skipping transaction with low nonce", "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
// 移动到用户的下一个交易
txs.Shift()
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooHigh):
// Reorg notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, skip account =
log.Trace("Skipping account with hight nonce", "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
txs.Pop()
case errors.Is(err, nil):
// Everything ok, collect the logs and shift in the next transaction from the same account
coalescedLogs = append(coalescedLogs, logs...)
w.current.tcount++
txs.Shift()
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported):
// Pop the unsupported transaction without shifting in the next from the account
log.Trace("Skipping unsupported transaction type", "sender", from, "type", tx.Type())
txs.Pop()
default:
// Strange error, discard the transaction and get the next in line (note, the
// nonce-too-high clause will prevent us from executing in vain).
log.Debug("Transaction failed, account skipped", "hash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
txs.Shift()
}
}
if !w.isRunning() && len(coalescedLogs) > 0 {
// We don't push the pendingLogsEvent while we are mining. The reason is that
// when we are mining, the worker will regenerate a mining block every 3 seconds.
// In order to avoid pushing the repeated pendingLog, we disable the pending log pushing.
// make a copy, the state caches the logs and these logs get "upgraded" from pending to mined
// logs by filling in the block hash when the block was mined by the local miner. This can
// cause a race condition if a log was "upgraded" before the PendingLogsEvent is processed.
// 因为需要把log发送出去,而这边在挖矿完成后需要对log进行修改,所以拷贝一份发送出去,避免争用。
cpy := make([]*types.Log, len(coalescedLogs))
for i, l := range coalescedLogs {
cpy[i] = new(types.Log)
*cpy[i] = *l
}
w.pendingLogsFeed.Send(cpy)
}
// Notify resubmit loop to decrease resubmitting interval if current interval is larger
// than the user-specified one.
if interrupt != nil {
w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{inc: false}
}
return false
}
func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, error) {
//将types.Transaction结构变量转为core.Message对象;这过程中会对发送者做签名验证,并获得发送者的地址缓存起来
msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Create a new context to be used in the EVM environment
//创建新的上下文(Context),此上下文将在EVM 环境(EVM environment)中使用;上下文中包含msg,区块头、区块指针、作者(挖矿者、获益者)
blockContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, author)
//创建新的EVM environment,其中包括了交易相关的所有信息以及调用机制;
vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, config, cfg)
//处理交易,将交易应用于当前的状态中,也就是执行状态转换,新的状态包含在环境对象中;得到执行结果以及花费的gas;
return applyTransaction(msg, config, bc, author, gp, statedb, header.Number, header.Hash(), tx, usedGas, vmenv)
}
跳过一段调用ApplyMessage,并将返回的内容整理成receipt代码
//转账
func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
//检查是否允许递归执行以及执行深度,若深度超过params.CallCreateDepth(即1024)就出错返回;
if evm.Config.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
return nil, gas, nil
}
// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
return nil, gas, ErrDepth
}
// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
if value.Sign() != 0 && !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
}
snapshot := evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
p, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(addr)
//这个地址如果不在statedb中,则创建,就是不在内存中,就放到内存里
if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
if evm.Config.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, 0, 0, nil)
}
return nil, gas, nil
}
evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(addr)
}
//转账
evm.Context.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), addr, value)
// Capture the tracer start/end events in debug mode
if evm.Config.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
defer func(startGas uint64, startTime time.Time) { // Lazy evaluation of the parameters
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, startGas-gas, time.Since(startTime), err)
}(gas, time.Now())
}
if isPrecompile {
ret, gas, err = RunPrecompiledContract(p, input, gas)
} else {
// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
code := evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)
if len(code) == 0 {
ret, err = nil, nil // gas is unchanged
} else {
addrCopy := addr
// If the account has no code, we can abort here
// The depth-check is already done, and precompiles handled above
contract := NewContract(caller, AccountRef(addrCopy), value, gas)
contract.SetCallCode(&addrCopy, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addrCopy), code)
ret, err = evm.interpreter.Run(contract, input, false)
gas = contract.Gas
}
}
// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
// when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
if err != nil {
evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
if err != ErrExecutionReverted {
gas = 0
}
// TODO: consider clearing up unused snapshots:
//} else {
// evm.StateDB.DiscardSnapshot(snapshot)
}
return ret, gas, err
}
//转账操作,实际上就是再stateobject中加减,然后写入journal
func Transfer(db vm.StateDB, sender, recipient common.Address, amount *big.Int) {
db.SubBalance(sender, amount)
db.AddBalance(recipient, amount)
}
处理tx要先开启挖矿
设置好新区块总gas
检查总gas,重放
将gas转化成msg
创建evm
检查我们的余额是否足够接下来的操作
调用evm执行合约/eth转账
转账的话addr放入内存,然后执行transfer,修改stateobject的值
给矿工钱
返回receipt
miner.start()
//入口
func (w *worker) commitTransactions(txs *types.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce, coinbase common.Address, interrupt *int32) bool {
// Short circuit if current is nil
if w.current == nil {
return true
}
//先设置好总的gas,因为eth是按gas上限来规定一个区块的大小,btc是按区块容量
gasLimit := w.current.header.GasLimit
if w.current.gasPool == nil {
w.current.gasPool = new(core.GasPool).AddGas(gasLimit)
}
var coalescedLogs []*types.Log
for {
// In the following three cases, we will interrupt the execution of the transaction.
在以下三种情况下,我们将中断事务的执行。
// (1) new head block event arrival, the interrupt signal is 1
新磁头块事件到达时,中断信号为1
// (2) worker start or restart, the interrupt signal is 1
工人启动或重启,中断信号为1
// (3) worker recreate the mining block with any newly arrived transactions, the interrupt signal is 2.
工人用任何新到达的事务重新创建采矿区块,中断信号为2。
// For the first two cases, the semi-finished work will be discarded.
对于前两种情况,半成品将被丢弃。
// For the third case, the semi-finished work will be submitted to the consensus engine.
对于第三种情况,半成品将提交给共识引擎。
if interrupt != nil && atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) != commitInterruptNone {
// Notify resubmit loop to increase resubmitting interval due to too frequent commits.
由于提交过于频繁,通知重新提交循环以增加重新提交间隔。
if atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptResubmit {
ratio := float64(gasLimit-w.current.gasPool.Gas()) / float64(gasLimit)
if ratio < 0.1 {
ratio = 0.1
}
w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{
ratio: ratio,
inc: true,
}
}
return atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptNewHead
}
// If we don't have enough gas for any further transactions then we're done
如果我们没有足够的gas来做进一步的交易,那我们结束
if w.current.gasPool.Gas() < params.TxGas {
log.Trace("Not enough gas for further transactions", "have", w.current.gasPool, "want", params.TxGas)
break
}
// Retrieve the next transaction and abort if all done
//检索下一笔交易,如果交易集合为空则退出 commit
tx := txs.Peek()
if tx == nil {
break
}
// Error may be ignored here. The error has already been checked
//这里可以忽略错误。已检查错误
// during transaction acceptance is the transaction pool.
//在事务接受期间,是事务池。
// We use the eip155 signer regardless of the current hf.
//我们使用eip155签名者,而不考虑当前的hf。eth硬分叉事件
from, _ := types.Sender(w.current.signer, tx)
// Check whether the tx is replay protected. If we're not in the EIP155 hf
// phase, start ignoring the sender until we do.
if tx.Protected() && !w.chainConfig.IsEIP155(w.current.header.Number) {
log.Trace("Ignoring reply protected transaction", "hash", tx.Hash(), "eip155", w.chainConfig.EIP155Block)
txs.Pop()
continue
}
// Start executing the transaction
w.current.state.Prepare(tx.Hash(), w.current.tcount)
// 执行交易
logs, err := w.commitTransaction(tx, coinbase)
switch {
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrGasLimitReached):
// Pop the current out-of-gas transaction without shifting in the next from the account
在不从账户转入下一笔交易的情况下,弹出当前的out of gas交易
log.Trace("Gas limit exceeded for current block", "sender", from)
txs.Pop()
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooLow):
// New head notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, shift
log.Trace("Skipping transaction with low nonce", "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
// 移动到用户的下一个交易
txs.Shift()
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooHigh):
// Reorg notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, skip account =
log.Trace("Skipping account with hight nonce", "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
txs.Pop()
case errors.Is(err, nil):
// Everything ok, collect the logs and shift in the next transaction from the same account
coalescedLogs = append(coalescedLogs, logs...)
w.current.tcount++
txs.Shift()
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported):
// Pop the unsupported transaction without shifting in the next from the account
log.Trace("Skipping unsupported transaction type", "sender", from, "type", tx.Type())
txs.Pop()
default:
// Strange error, discard the transaction and get the next in line (note, the
// nonce-too-high clause will prevent us from executing in vain).
log.Debug("Transaction failed, account skipped", "hash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
txs.Shift()
}
}
if !w.isRunning() && len(coalescedLogs) > 0 {
// We don't push the pendingLogsEvent while we are mining. The reason is that
// when we are mining, the worker will regenerate a mining block every 3 seconds.
// In order to avoid pushing the repeated pendingLog, we disable the pending log pushing.
// make a copy, the state caches the logs and these logs get "upgraded" from pending to mined
// logs by filling in the block hash when the block was mined by the local miner. This can
// cause a race condition if a log was "upgraded" before the PendingLogsEvent is processed.
// 因为需要把log发送出去,而这边在挖矿完成后需要对log进行修改,所以拷贝一份发送出去,避免争用。
cpy := make([]*types.Log, len(coalescedLogs))
for i, l := range coalescedLogs {
cpy[i] = new(types.Log)
*cpy[i] = *l
}
w.pendingLogsFeed.Send(cpy)
}
// Notify resubmit loop to decrease resubmitting interval if current interval is larger
// than the user-specified one.
if interrupt != nil {
w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{inc: false}
}
return false
}
func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, error) {
//将types.Transaction结构变量转为core.Message对象;这过程中会对发送者做签名验证,并获得发送者的地址缓存起来
msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Create a new context to be used in the EVM environment
//创建新的上下文(Context),此上下文将在EVM 环境(EVM environment)中使用;上下文中包含msg,区块头、区块指针、作者(挖矿者、获益者)
blockContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, author)
//创建新的EVM environment,其中包括了交易相关的所有信息以及调用机制;
vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, config, cfg)
//处理交易,将交易应用于当前的状态中,也就是执行状态转换,新的状态包含在环境对象中;得到执行结果以及花费的gas;
return applyTransaction(msg, config, bc, author, gp, statedb, header.Number, header.Hash(), tx, usedGas, vmenv)
}
跳过一段调用ApplyMessage,并将返回的内容整理成receipt代码
//转账
func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
//检查是否允许递归执行以及执行深度,若深度超过params.CallCreateDepth(即1024)就出错返回;
if evm.Config.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
return nil, gas, nil
}
// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
return nil, gas, ErrDepth
}
// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
if value.Sign() != 0 && !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
}
snapshot := evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
p, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(addr)
//这个地址如果不在statedb中,则创建,就是不在内存中,就放到内存里
if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
if evm.Config.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, 0, 0, nil)
}
return nil, gas, nil
}
evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(addr)
}
//转账
evm.Context.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), addr, value)
// Capture the tracer start/end events in debug mode
if evm.Config.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
defer func(startGas uint64, startTime time.Time) { // Lazy evaluation of the parameters
evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, startGas-gas, time.Since(startTime), err)
}(gas, time.Now())
}
if isPrecompile {
ret, gas, err = RunPrecompiledContract(p, input, gas)
} else {
// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
code := evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)
if len(code) == 0 {
ret, err = nil, nil // gas is unchanged
} else {
addrCopy := addr
// If the account has no code, we can abort here
// The depth-check is already done, and precompiles handled above
contract := NewContract(caller, AccountRef(addrCopy), value, gas)
contract.SetCallCode(&addrCopy, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addrCopy), code)
ret, err = evm.interpreter.Run(contract, input, false)
gas = contract.Gas
}
}
// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
// when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
if err != nil {
evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
if err != ErrExecutionReverted {
gas = 0
}
// TODO: consider clearing up unused snapshots:
//} else {
// evm.StateDB.DiscardSnapshot(snapshot)
}
return ret, gas, err
}
//转账操作,实际上就是再stateobject中加减,然后写入journal
func Transfer(db vm.StateDB, sender, recipient common.Address, amount *big.Int) {
db.SubBalance(sender, amount)
db.AddBalance(recipient, amount)
}
func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
// First check this message satisfies all consensus rules before
//首先检查此消息是否满足所有共识规则
// applying the message. The rules include these clauses
//应用消息。规则包括这些条款
//
// 1. the nonce of the message caller is correct
//调用方的nonce是正确的
// 2. caller has enough balance to cover transaction fee(gaslimit * gasprice)
//调用者有足够的余额支付交易费用(gaslimit*gasprice)
// 3. the amount of gas required is available in the block
区块内有可用的所需gas
// 4. the purchased gas is enough to cover intrinsic usage
// 5. there is no overflow when calculating intrinsic gas
没有gas溢出
// 6. caller has enough balance to cover asset transfer for **topmost** call
//调用者有足够的gas to transfer
// Check clauses 1-3, buy gas if everything is correct
// b. buyGas:根据发送者定的gaslimit和GasPrice,从发送者余额中扣除以太币;从区块gas池中减掉本次gas;并对运行环境做好更新;
if err := st.preCheck(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
msg := st.msg
sender := vm.AccountRef(msg.From())
homestead := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
istanbul := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsIstanbul(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
contractCreation := msg.To() == nil
// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
//支付固定费用 intrinsic gas。contractCreation为true即为合约创建,固定费用为53000;为false,则为普通交易固定费用为21000
gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), contractCreation, homestead, istanbul)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if st.gas < gas {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gas, gas)
}
st.gas -= gas
// Check clause 6
if msg.Value().Sign() > 0 && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From(), msg.Value()) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From().Hex())
}
// Set up the initial access list.
if rules := st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber); rules.IsBerlin {
st.state.PrepareAccessList(msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
}
var (
ret []byte
vmerr error // vm errors do not effect consensus and are therefore not assigned to err
)
//如果是合约创建, 那么调用evm的Create方法创建新的合约,使用交易的data作为新合约的部署代码
if contractCreation {
ret, _, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Create(sender, st.data, st.gas, st.value)
} else {
// Increment the nonce for the next transaction
//否则不是合约创建,增加发送者的Nonce值,然后调用evm.Call执行交易
st.state.SetNonce(msg.From(), st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
//真正转账的地方
ret, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), st.data, st.gas, st.value)
}
if !st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotient)
} else {
// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
}
effectiveTip := st.gasPrice
if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
effectiveTip = cmath.BigMin(st.gasTipCap, new(big.Int).Sub(st.gasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee))
}
st.state.AddBalance(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed()), effectiveTip))
return &ExecutionResult{
UsedGas: st.gasUsed(),
Err: vmerr,
ReturnData: ret,
}, nil
}
func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
// First check this message satisfies all consensus rules before
//首先检查此消息是否满足所有共识规则
// applying the message. The rules include these clauses
//应用消息。规则包括这些条款
//
// 1. the nonce of the message caller is correct
//调用方的nonce是正确的
// 2. caller has enough balance to cover transaction fee(gaslimit * gasprice)
//调用者有足够的余额支付交易费用(gaslimit*gasprice)
// 3. the amount of gas required is available in the block
区块内有可用的所需gas
// 4. the purchased gas is enough to cover intrinsic usage
// 5. there is no overflow when calculating intrinsic gas
没有gas溢出
// 6. caller has enough balance to cover asset transfer for **topmost** call
//调用者有足够的gas to transfer
// Check clauses 1-3, buy gas if everything is correct
// b. buyGas:根据发送者定的gaslimit和GasPrice,从发送者余额中扣除以太币;从区块gas池中减掉本次gas;并对运行环境做好更新;
if err := st.preCheck(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
msg := st.msg
sender := vm.AccountRef(msg.From())
homestead := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
istanbul := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsIstanbul(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
contractCreation := msg.To() == nil
// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
//支付固定费用 intrinsic gas。contractCreation为true即为合约创建,固定费用为53000;为false,则为普通交易固定费用为21000
gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), contractCreation, homestead, istanbul)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if st.gas < gas {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gas, gas)
}
st.gas -= gas
// Check clause 6
if msg.Value().Sign() > 0 && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From(), msg.Value()) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From().Hex())
}
// Set up the initial access list.
if rules := st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber); rules.IsBerlin {
st.state.PrepareAccessList(msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
}
var (
ret []byte
vmerr error // vm errors do not effect consensus and are therefore not assigned to err
)
//如果是合约创建, 那么调用evm的Create方法创建新的合约,使用交易的data作为新合约的部署代码
if contractCreation {
ret, _, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Create(sender, st.data, st.gas, st.value)
} else {
// Increment the nonce for the next transaction
//否则不是合约创建,增加发送者的Nonce值,然后调用evm.Call执行交易
st.state.SetNonce(msg.From(), st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
//真正转账的地方
ret, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), st.data, st.gas, st.value)
}
if !st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotient)
} else {
// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
}
effectiveTip := st.gasPrice
if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
effectiveTip = cmath.BigMin(st.gasTipCap, new(big.Int).Sub(st.gasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee))
}
st.state.AddBalance(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed()), effectiveTip))
return &ExecutionResult{
UsedGas: st.gasUsed(),
Err: vmerr,
ReturnData: ret,
}, nil
}
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