Gas optimization in Solidity, Ethereum
I’m sorry but my English is terrible. I hope you understand that generously.Recently, I was developing a toy project named Blind Market. It’s a simple P2P trading application using smart contract. I was making a contract using Solidity, and the trade stage proceeded in the order of pending, shipping, and done. The problem was appeared in done phase. The problem was that when I tried to close the transaction by paying the price raised by the seller in msg.value, the following error occurred.Pe...
Uvicorn & Gunicorn
Uvicorn and GunicornUvicorn and Gunicorn are important concepts when developing applications in Python. However, there are many concepts to be aware of in order to fully understand Uvicorn and Gunicorn. The following is a brief summary of the necessary concepts, and the details will be dealt with separately later.Necessary ConceptsStarletteStarlette is a Web application server that can run asynchronously. Starlette runs on top of Uvicorn.FastAPIFastAPI provides many features on top of Starlet...
Smart Contract Developer, Web3 Backend Developer

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import time 간단한 문제에서 decorator의 쓰임을 찾아보자.
decorator => 함수를 input으로 받아서 => 새로운 함수를 만들어서 리턴
함수를 받아 새로운 함수를 리턴하는 함수
import time
def hello(name):
print("Hello, my name is " + name)
def track_time(func):
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
start_time = time.time()
func(*args, **kwargs)
end_time = time.time()
print(f"Execute Time : {end_time - start_time}")
return new_func
hello = track_time(hello)
hello("primrose")
# ##
# 확장성을 위해 track_time이라는 데코레이터 함수를 만든다. 인자로 함수를 받고, 내부의 함수를 리턴해준다.
# 리턴되는 함수는 데코레이터 함수 안에서 정의된 함수이고, 확장성을 위해 packing한다.
"""
Hello, my name is primrose
Execute Time : 2.193450927734375e-05
"""
위에서 hello = track_time(hello)라는 식으로 함수를 wrapping했는데,
파이썬에서는 이것을 다음과 같이 표현이 가능하다
다음과 같이 `advanced_hello` 함수 위에 @track_time이라고 적으면 advanced_hello 함수를 인자로 받아서
track_time 함수가 decorate(장식)하여 새로운 함수가 반환된다.
이름은 advanced_hello 이지만 데코레이터가 있고 없고의 결과는 완전히 다르다.
@track_time
def advanced_hello(name):
print("Hello, my name is " + name)
advanced_hello("primrose")
"""
Hello, my name is primrose
Execute Time : 3.814697265625e-06
"""
위에서는 데코레이터가 하나였지만, 중첩(nested)도 가능하다.
시간을 측정하는 track_time뿐 아니라, 시작과 끝을 알려주는 데코레이터 함수도 만들었다.
def start(func):
print("start_func decorator applied")
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print("function is called now")
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
def finish(func):
print("finish_func decorator applied")
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print("function is finished now")
return result
return wrapper
@track_time
@finish
@start
def nested_hello(name):
print("Hello, my name is " + name)
nested_hello("primrose")
"""
start_func decorator applied
finish_func decorator applied
function is called now
Hello, my name is primrose
function is finished now
Execute Time : 5.9604644775390625e-06
"""
아래는 간단한 데코레이터 활용 예시, 피보나치(엄연히 따지자면 메모이제이션)에서 사용 가능 !
def cache_memoization(func):
__cache = {}
def wrapper(*args):
if args in __cache:
return __cache[args]
else:
result = func(*args)
__cache.update({args: result})
return result
return wrapper
@cache_memoization
def fibo(n):
return n if n < 2 else fibo(n-1) + fibo(n-2)
fibo(100)
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