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Research DAOInflation in GameFi and Traditional Game
1. IntroductionWhether it is a traditional game or the current emerging GameFi, as long as there is a monetary mechanism, it will inevitably face the problem of inflation. Inflation is an issue between demand and supply. When there is more currency circulated in the market with demand staying the same, the currency’s purchasing power decreases, meaning that inflation happens.M represents the total supply of money, V is the velocity (i.e. the circulation of money), P is the price level, which ...
Research DAOZero-Knowledge Proof: from Zero to Hero
Author: @CryptoScott_ETH | @RealResearchDAO ZKP(Zero-Knowledge Proof) is currently a popular black technology, but its technical details are more difficult to understand. This article is to sort out the relevant data in the field of zero-knowledge proof and discuss the application in the industry, hoping to provide non-technical researchers with guidance on ZK research and help them understand zero-knowledge proofs from the simple to the deep. Understand ZKP from the story of Alice & Bob This...
Research DAOThe NFT Product Report (Part 2): Utility Maximization & Cross-Chain Adoption
Author：@BriefKandle, ResearchDAO1. IntroductionMultiverse, a concept in quantum physics, has been explored (way too) many times in fantasy, sci-fi novels, TV shows, and movies. The multiverse communicates with itself through the deus ex machina ideology. A few examples of names for this multiverse communication are "rainbow bridge" and "wormhole.” But how does it actually work? Physically, an Einstein-Rosen Bridges folds space-time and opens up another membrane/world/universe that is unreacha...
<100 subscribers
Research DAOInflation in GameFi and Traditional Game
1. IntroductionWhether it is a traditional game or the current emerging GameFi, as long as there is a monetary mechanism, it will inevitably face the problem of inflation. Inflation is an issue between demand and supply. When there is more currency circulated in the market with demand staying the same, the currency’s purchasing power decreases, meaning that inflation happens.M represents the total supply of money, V is the velocity (i.e. the circulation of money), P is the price level, which ...
Research DAOZero-Knowledge Proof: from Zero to Hero
Author: @CryptoScott_ETH | @RealResearchDAO ZKP(Zero-Knowledge Proof) is currently a popular black technology, but its technical details are more difficult to understand. This article is to sort out the relevant data in the field of zero-knowledge proof and discuss the application in the industry, hoping to provide non-technical researchers with guidance on ZK research and help them understand zero-knowledge proofs from the simple to the deep. Understand ZKP from the story of Alice & Bob This...
Research DAOThe NFT Product Report (Part 2): Utility Maximization & Cross-Chain Adoption
Author：@BriefKandle, ResearchDAO1. IntroductionMultiverse, a concept in quantum physics, has been explored (way too) many times in fantasy, sci-fi novels, TV shows, and movies. The multiverse communicates with itself through the deus ex machina ideology. A few examples of names for this multiverse communication are "rainbow bridge" and "wormhole.” But how does it actually work? Physically, an Einstein-Rosen Bridges folds space-time and opens up another membrane/world/universe that is unreacha...
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Author: @0x长安 | @RealResearchDAO
Foreword
Beaked whales are called "tsuchi-kujira" in Japan, "tsuchi" is an old-fashioned wooden mallet shaped like a bottle, and "kujira" means "whale".
Kujira's slogan is "everyone should be a whale", and everything Kujira does revolves around whales, hoping that everyone can become a whale.
1. The History of Kujira
The introduction of Kujira will be divided into two parts, 1. Terra 2. Cosmos
Originally Kujira was a platform on the Terra blockchain, dedicated to building a dApp that makes DeFi accessible to everyone.
On May 10, 2022, the algorithmic stablecoin UST was depegged. Due to the special mechanism of Luna-UST, the Luna death spiral caused the collapse of the entire Terra chain. Terraform Labs was forced to shut down the entire blockchain.
On May 13, 2022, Kujira announced to build their own sovereign Layer 1 appchain with the help of the Cosmos ecosystem and the Cosmos SDK.
On July 1, 2022, Kujira officially relocated to the Kujira mainnet, looking to a new future.
2. Introduction
There are currently 4 dApps on Kujira, namely: ORCA, FIN, FINDER, BLUE
ORCA
Before talking about ORCA, let’s start with the Terra chain. ANCHOR PROTOCOL is a lending market on Terra, where users can provide assets as collateral to lend other assets.
As we all know, lending is risky. Once the collateral value is lower than the loan value, the borrower will face the risk of liquidation. In real life, the role of the borrower is usually played by the bank. Once the borrower fails to repay, the bank will freeze the borrower's assets and foreclose the borrower's assets. At this time, the bank is the liquidator.
In the crypto market, since the smart contract cannot automatically perform liquidation, only the entry function for liquidation can be provided. Therefore, if users want to participate in the purchase of liquidation assets, they need to directly interact with the liquidation queue smart contract and participate in robots. Due to the cumbersome operation, retail investors usually do not participate in liquidation.
ORCA is a collateral liquidation market for asset products. Users can act as the executor to purchase the assets of the liquidator at a discount.
Users can make quotations for liquidation assets by themselves, and the bidding range is 1%~30%. This is also a game between liquidators and the market. When you choose a liquidation quotation with a lower discount rate, the probability of obtaining liquidation assets is greater. But the profits will also be lower.
When choosing a quotation with a higher discount rate, you can also see from the figure: after 9%, there is almost no bargaining chip, that is, everyone generally believes that in the current market, the probability of liquidation caused by the collapse of crypto assets is relatively low. If you buy liquidation assets after 9%, you may not be able to execute the liquidation order all the time, and the user's funds will be idle.
ORCA has lowered the threshold for liquidation. I believe the lowering of the threshold will have two advantages:
Retail investors can also enter the liquidation queue. The increase of retail investors means that the funds to undertake liquidation assets also increase, so as to avoid the idling of users’ assets.
Compared with the traditional liquidation mechanism, retail investors can participate in the liquidation fairly, avoiding the risk of the whales entering quicker using other forms of support that are not open to retail investors.
Why is ORCA fairer?
ORCA does not limit the premium rate (1%-30%) and the number of liquidations made by users. Users only need to enter the liquidation value and premium rate on the ORCA product interface to wait for ORCA to match the liquidation orders.
ORCA randomly distributes liquidation orders according to 1% to 30%. Users can make quotations for liquidation assets according to their own wishes, and everyone has the same probability of successfully obtaining liquidation orders. The giant whales cannot take advantage of the capital to occupy all the liquidation orders. Even bots will not be the first to close because they give an advantageous liquidation rate.
FIN
FIN is a decentralized exchange on Kujira, but it is not the same as the current DEX mechanism in the market. FIN adopts the same order book model as the centralized exchange. Unlike DEXs with an automated market maker (AMM) model, the order book model is where sellers, arbitrage bots, and market makers provide liquidity to the market.
However, under the current automated market maker model commonly used by DEX, liquidity providers (LP) provide liquidity to the market, so DEX needs to reward users who provide liquidity through LP farms to attract users to provide liquidity in DEXs.
At the beginning of the creation of a DEX, bribing users will also be used to attract people to use products and increase liquidity, because the automatic market maker model relies on users to provide liquidity, only DEX attracts everyone to provide liquidity, funds If the depth is sufficient, users will choose this platform for trading.
I believe liquidity providers will choose to provide liquidity on a platform for two reasons:
The platform has a large trading volume and many transactions. Providing liquidity to this platform will get more fee dividends.
The platform offers many benefits.
At the beginning of the creation of a new platform, it certainly cannot meet the first situation. For the development of the platform, many teams are forced to choose to distribute some tokens as rewards to users or liquidity providers in the token economic model. Until the platform's fee distribution is enough to attract investors, the token reward can be gradually cancelled.
For example, X2Y2, compared to the existing OpenSea that occupies almost all NFT transactions, X2Y2 has no clear advantage. Attention can only be drawn by airdrops, using products (pending orders, buying) and issuing $X2Y2 tokens.
Kujira believes that the bribery method is not good, because the use of token rewards to attract users' attention will lead to infinite inflation of tokens, so the project team chooses the order book model.
However, the order book model has relatively strong requirements for liquidity. A Central Limit Order Book (CLOB) is a trade execution model that facilitates trades by matching orders from buyers and sellers. When the liquidity is insufficient, it will also be inconvenient for users to use, such as the following two examples:
If the highest bid price is lower than the lowest ask price, the orders of both buyers and sellers will not be filled.
The difference between the highest bid price and the lowest ask price is called the spread. The worse the depth, the larger the difference, and the higher the slippage when the trader trades.
Going back to the FIN exchange, Kujira is built on the Cosmos chain. I think this is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Due to high latency and high gas, blockchains such as Ethereum and BNB Chain are not suitable for building DEXs in order book mode. This is an advantage of FIN.
However, Cosmos does not have the same size of funds of Ethereum and BNB Chain, so the liquidity depth of FIN is not sufficient. It is not suitable for users with large funds to operate. There is still a long way to go in terms of depth of funds.
FINDER
FINDER is a tool to search current and historical data on the Kujira blockchain.
Users can use it to find information about transactions, wallet addresses, contract IDs, and more. When I experience some GameFi projects, I use the blockchain browsers to check the number of holders, the distribution of tokens, and whether there is a project team doing market value management.
BLUE
BLUE is Kujira's control panel, which can be used to comprehend the situation of the entire Kujira ecosystem.
The features of BLUE include, staking KUJI, governance voting, exchanging KUJI, ecosystem dashboard, wallet, cross-chain communication (IBC) bridge, minting $USK, and others.
BLUE is also the "heart" of Kujira, which is responsible for ''hematopoiesis'' and ''blood transfusion''. Users can deposit $ATOM in BLUE, mint $USK stablecoins, and users can hold $USK stablecoins in BLUE. Kujira is used ecologically.
Since Kujira has suffered from the UST algorithmic stablecoin once on the Terra chain, they plan to make a stablecoin that works first to avoid being hurt by an algorithmic stablecoin again.
$USK is a stablecoin launched by Kujira. It is an over-collateralized stablecoin based on $ATOM. Similar to MakerDAO's $DAI, users stake $ATOM to mint $USK, and burn USK to redeem their collaterals.
To mint $USK, users need to deposit $ATOM as a collateral. This means $ATOM is locked in the contract, and in return $USK is minted.
This loan must have an LTV (loan-to-value ratio) of 60%, which means that if you deposit $100,000 worth of ATOM, you can mint up to $60,000 of USK.
This is the only way to mint USK. Currently, only $ATOM is supported as collateral. The risk of a single collateral is relatively large, and it is very likely that the price of $ATOM will depeg.
Kujira also claims that other assets can be used as collateral in the future.
$KUJI holders can also participate in Kujira governance on BLUE and stake $KUJI to receive dividends.
Total Supply: The total supply of $KUJI is 122,398,190.844391 (122.4M) tokens.
$KUJI’s utilities: network fee (gas) and dApp transaction fee.
All fees collected by dApps are distributed to $KUJI stakers. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, the Kujira team does not want token inflation, so the income from staking $KUJI on BLUE comes entirely from the dApp’s income.
When the dApp generates business income, part of it will be distributed to $KUJI holders. Kujira uses the platform's own business income to subsidize users. When the platform's transaction volume increases, it will guide the entire Kujira ecosystem to a positive flywheel.
3. Conclusion
Kujira's project team is looking to a longer-term future and is unwilling to use token incentives to bribe people to enter the Kujira ecosystem and harm the interests of investors. Thus, they opened up another path.
The dApps on Kujira are closely connected, BLUE is connected with the Cosmos ecosystem, and funds can enter the Kujira ecosystem through the IBC. And external funds can be minted as $USK through BLUE using $ATOM, releasing more for the ecosystem liquidity.
BLUE communicates with various Kujira dApps, and the liquidated assets obtained by the liquidator in ORCA will be traded in FIN again, and the funds will flow back to Kujira.
The popularity of the Cosmos ecology has made Kujira more concerned, and more attention will allow more funds to flow into the Kujira ecology. Whether it is for ORCA or FIN, it is something to celebrate. At present, what Kujira lacks most is the depth of funds. I look forward to one day, Kujira can bring a new paradigm to DEX.
Join Us Here:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSel53Un2E3WrVPCm5Niq3GpHjaYuZ7LdyJECdx-9qUWMpY-FA/viewform
About Us：
Twitter: @RealResearchDAO
Medium: https://medium.com/@RealResearchDAO
Discord: discord.gg/ZSdgM7x6pc
Author: @0x长安 | @RealResearchDAO
Foreword
Beaked whales are called "tsuchi-kujira" in Japan, "tsuchi" is an old-fashioned wooden mallet shaped like a bottle, and "kujira" means "whale".
Kujira's slogan is "everyone should be a whale", and everything Kujira does revolves around whales, hoping that everyone can become a whale.
1. The History of Kujira
The introduction of Kujira will be divided into two parts, 1. Terra 2. Cosmos
Originally Kujira was a platform on the Terra blockchain, dedicated to building a dApp that makes DeFi accessible to everyone.
On May 10, 2022, the algorithmic stablecoin UST was depegged. Due to the special mechanism of Luna-UST, the Luna death spiral caused the collapse of the entire Terra chain. Terraform Labs was forced to shut down the entire blockchain.
On May 13, 2022, Kujira announced to build their own sovereign Layer 1 appchain with the help of the Cosmos ecosystem and the Cosmos SDK.
On July 1, 2022, Kujira officially relocated to the Kujira mainnet, looking to a new future.
2. Introduction
There are currently 4 dApps on Kujira, namely: ORCA, FIN, FINDER, BLUE
ORCA
Before talking about ORCA, let’s start with the Terra chain. ANCHOR PROTOCOL is a lending market on Terra, where users can provide assets as collateral to lend other assets.
As we all know, lending is risky. Once the collateral value is lower than the loan value, the borrower will face the risk of liquidation. In real life, the role of the borrower is usually played by the bank. Once the borrower fails to repay, the bank will freeze the borrower's assets and foreclose the borrower's assets. At this time, the bank is the liquidator.
In the crypto market, since the smart contract cannot automatically perform liquidation, only the entry function for liquidation can be provided. Therefore, if users want to participate in the purchase of liquidation assets, they need to directly interact with the liquidation queue smart contract and participate in robots. Due to the cumbersome operation, retail investors usually do not participate in liquidation.
ORCA is a collateral liquidation market for asset products. Users can act as the executor to purchase the assets of the liquidator at a discount.
Users can make quotations for liquidation assets by themselves, and the bidding range is 1%~30%. This is also a game between liquidators and the market. When you choose a liquidation quotation with a lower discount rate, the probability of obtaining liquidation assets is greater. But the profits will also be lower.
When choosing a quotation with a higher discount rate, you can also see from the figure: after 9%, there is almost no bargaining chip, that is, everyone generally believes that in the current market, the probability of liquidation caused by the collapse of crypto assets is relatively low. If you buy liquidation assets after 9%, you may not be able to execute the liquidation order all the time, and the user's funds will be idle.
ORCA has lowered the threshold for liquidation. I believe the lowering of the threshold will have two advantages:
Retail investors can also enter the liquidation queue. The increase of retail investors means that the funds to undertake liquidation assets also increase, so as to avoid the idling of users’ assets.
Compared with the traditional liquidation mechanism, retail investors can participate in the liquidation fairly, avoiding the risk of the whales entering quicker using other forms of support that are not open to retail investors.
Why is ORCA fairer?
ORCA does not limit the premium rate (1%-30%) and the number of liquidations made by users. Users only need to enter the liquidation value and premium rate on the ORCA product interface to wait for ORCA to match the liquidation orders.
ORCA randomly distributes liquidation orders according to 1% to 30%. Users can make quotations for liquidation assets according to their own wishes, and everyone has the same probability of successfully obtaining liquidation orders. The giant whales cannot take advantage of the capital to occupy all the liquidation orders. Even bots will not be the first to close because they give an advantageous liquidation rate.
FIN
FIN is a decentralized exchange on Kujira, but it is not the same as the current DEX mechanism in the market. FIN adopts the same order book model as the centralized exchange. Unlike DEXs with an automated market maker (AMM) model, the order book model is where sellers, arbitrage bots, and market makers provide liquidity to the market.
However, under the current automated market maker model commonly used by DEX, liquidity providers (LP) provide liquidity to the market, so DEX needs to reward users who provide liquidity through LP farms to attract users to provide liquidity in DEXs.
At the beginning of the creation of a DEX, bribing users will also be used to attract people to use products and increase liquidity, because the automatic market maker model relies on users to provide liquidity, only DEX attracts everyone to provide liquidity, funds If the depth is sufficient, users will choose this platform for trading.
I believe liquidity providers will choose to provide liquidity on a platform for two reasons:
The platform has a large trading volume and many transactions. Providing liquidity to this platform will get more fee dividends.
The platform offers many benefits.
At the beginning of the creation of a new platform, it certainly cannot meet the first situation. For the development of the platform, many teams are forced to choose to distribute some tokens as rewards to users or liquidity providers in the token economic model. Until the platform's fee distribution is enough to attract investors, the token reward can be gradually cancelled.
For example, X2Y2, compared to the existing OpenSea that occupies almost all NFT transactions, X2Y2 has no clear advantage. Attention can only be drawn by airdrops, using products (pending orders, buying) and issuing $X2Y2 tokens.
Kujira believes that the bribery method is not good, because the use of token rewards to attract users' attention will lead to infinite inflation of tokens, so the project team chooses the order book model.
However, the order book model has relatively strong requirements for liquidity. A Central Limit Order Book (CLOB) is a trade execution model that facilitates trades by matching orders from buyers and sellers. When the liquidity is insufficient, it will also be inconvenient for users to use, such as the following two examples:
If the highest bid price is lower than the lowest ask price, the orders of both buyers and sellers will not be filled.
The difference between the highest bid price and the lowest ask price is called the spread. The worse the depth, the larger the difference, and the higher the slippage when the trader trades.
Going back to the FIN exchange, Kujira is built on the Cosmos chain. I think this is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Due to high latency and high gas, blockchains such as Ethereum and BNB Chain are not suitable for building DEXs in order book mode. This is an advantage of FIN.
However, Cosmos does not have the same size of funds of Ethereum and BNB Chain, so the liquidity depth of FIN is not sufficient. It is not suitable for users with large funds to operate. There is still a long way to go in terms of depth of funds.
FINDER
FINDER is a tool to search current and historical data on the Kujira blockchain.
Users can use it to find information about transactions, wallet addresses, contract IDs, and more. When I experience some GameFi projects, I use the blockchain browsers to check the number of holders, the distribution of tokens, and whether there is a project team doing market value management.
BLUE
BLUE is Kujira's control panel, which can be used to comprehend the situation of the entire Kujira ecosystem.
The features of BLUE include, staking KUJI, governance voting, exchanging KUJI, ecosystem dashboard, wallet, cross-chain communication (IBC) bridge, minting $USK, and others.
BLUE is also the "heart" of Kujira, which is responsible for ''hematopoiesis'' and ''blood transfusion''. Users can deposit $ATOM in BLUE, mint $USK stablecoins, and users can hold $USK stablecoins in BLUE. Kujira is used ecologically.
Since Kujira has suffered from the UST algorithmic stablecoin once on the Terra chain, they plan to make a stablecoin that works first to avoid being hurt by an algorithmic stablecoin again.
$USK is a stablecoin launched by Kujira. It is an over-collateralized stablecoin based on $ATOM. Similar to MakerDAO's $DAI, users stake $ATOM to mint $USK, and burn USK to redeem their collaterals.
To mint $USK, users need to deposit $ATOM as a collateral. This means $ATOM is locked in the contract, and in return $USK is minted.
This loan must have an LTV (loan-to-value ratio) of 60%, which means that if you deposit $100,000 worth of ATOM, you can mint up to $60,000 of USK.
This is the only way to mint USK. Currently, only $ATOM is supported as collateral. The risk of a single collateral is relatively large, and it is very likely that the price of $ATOM will depeg.
Kujira also claims that other assets can be used as collateral in the future.
$KUJI holders can also participate in Kujira governance on BLUE and stake $KUJI to receive dividends.
Total Supply: The total supply of $KUJI is 122,398,190.844391 (122.4M) tokens.
$KUJI’s utilities: network fee (gas) and dApp transaction fee.
All fees collected by dApps are distributed to $KUJI stakers. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, the Kujira team does not want token inflation, so the income from staking $KUJI on BLUE comes entirely from the dApp’s income.
When the dApp generates business income, part of it will be distributed to $KUJI holders. Kujira uses the platform's own business income to subsidize users. When the platform's transaction volume increases, it will guide the entire Kujira ecosystem to a positive flywheel.
3. Conclusion
Kujira's project team is looking to a longer-term future and is unwilling to use token incentives to bribe people to enter the Kujira ecosystem and harm the interests of investors. Thus, they opened up another path.
The dApps on Kujira are closely connected, BLUE is connected with the Cosmos ecosystem, and funds can enter the Kujira ecosystem through the IBC. And external funds can be minted as $USK through BLUE using $ATOM, releasing more for the ecosystem liquidity.
BLUE communicates with various Kujira dApps, and the liquidated assets obtained by the liquidator in ORCA will be traded in FIN again, and the funds will flow back to Kujira.
The popularity of the Cosmos ecology has made Kujira more concerned, and more attention will allow more funds to flow into the Kujira ecology. Whether it is for ORCA or FIN, it is something to celebrate. At present, what Kujira lacks most is the depth of funds. I look forward to one day, Kujira can bring a new paradigm to DEX.
Join Us Here:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSel53Un2E3WrVPCm5Niq3GpHjaYuZ7LdyJECdx-9qUWMpY-FA/viewform
About Us：
Twitter: @RealResearchDAO
Medium: https://medium.com/@RealResearchDAO
Discord: discord.gg/ZSdgM7x6pc
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