The overarching goal is to migrate from a document-centric engineering approach to a Digital Engineering-centric approach, and to realize gains in effectiveness, interoperability, and future upgradeability of Naval Acquisition Systems. One objective is to provide an Integrated Modeling Environment (IME) that supports collaboration regarding their engineering approach, technical processes, and use of models and data formats across all Navy and Marine Corps System Commands.

As shown in Figure 1, this change affects the people, processes, products, policies, tools, and organizations that provide engineering services to achieve the Naval Vision 2020. It also calls for use of an authoritative knowledge repository accessible to all stakeholders to ensure the use of correct, updated, and authoritative information throughout the life cycle by participants.

 总体目标是从以文件为中心的工程方法，迁移到以数字工程为中心的方法，并实现海军采办系统的有效性、互操作性和未来可升级性的收益。其中一个目标是提供一个综合建模环境（IME），支持所有海军和海军陆战队系统司令部在工程方法、技术流程和使用模型和数据格式方面的合作。 

如图1所示，这种变化影响到提供工程服务的人员、流程、产品、政策、工具和组织，以实现2020年海军愿景。它还要求使用一个所有利益相关者都可以访问的权威知识库，以确保参与者在整个生命周期内使用正确的、更新的和权威的信息。

OBJECTIVE 1 – Formalize the development, integration and use of models

Digital Engineering compels that we first understand system behavior and identify supporting system functions, including allocation of those functions to component systems and subsystems through modeling, prior to establishing acquisition performance requirements. The focus is upon allowing the performance specification as a resulting output of the modeling process, rather than writing the performance specification first.

As shown in Figure 2, the transition from a document-centric approach to a digitally-centric approach will allow us to:

数字工程迫使我们在建立采办性能要求之前，首先了解系统行为并确定支持系统的功能，包括通过建模将这些功能分配给组件系统和子系统。重点是允许性能规范作为建模过程的结果输出，而不是事先编写性能规范。

如图2所示，从以文件为中心的方法过渡到以数字为中心的方法将使我们能够：

• Trace allocated system requirements to validated stakeholder mission capabilities

• Model system functional behavior(s) required to accomplish desired capabilities

• Generate a functional system hierarchy directly from the model

• Develop performance requirements for each functional element with consideration for external constraints such as programmatic, safety, cyber and security requirements imposed by statutes, regulations, standards and policy

• Develop verification requirements for each performance requirement, including system of systems interoperability requirements

• Review, monitor, assess, and approve system and program compliance using the Digital Engineering framework

• 追踪已分配的系统需求，以验证利益相关者的任务能力 

• 建立完成预期能力所需的系统功能行为模型 

• 直接从模型中生成一个功能系统的层次结构 

• 为每个功能元素制定性能需求，并考虑到外部约束，如法规、条例、标准和政策规定的程序、安全、网络和安全需求 

• 为每个性能要求制定验证需求，包括系统的互操作性需求 

• 使用数字工程框架审查、监测、评估和批准系统和计划的合规性

图2 - 基于模型的系统工程实现方法

Naval Systems Commands exercise delegated Technical Authority, which is the responsibility and accountability to establish, monitor and approve technical standards, tools, and processes, and certify Navy and Marine Corps system and program compliance with approved architecture tools and policies. Technical Authority responsibilities under Digital Engineering will not change, but the methods required to analyze design, assess risk, and report non-compliance to decision makers and program authorities will need to evolve.

海军系统司令部行使授权的技术权力，这是建立、监督和批准技术标准、工具和流程的责任和问责，并证明海军和海军陆战队的系统和项目符合批准的架构工具和政策。数字工程下的技术授权责任不会改变，但分析设计、评估风险以及向决策者和项目主管部门，仍需要发展其报告不合规情况所需的方法。

OBJECTIVE 2 – Provide an enduring authoritative knowledge source

A critical element to executing the Digital Engineering is the approach for publishing, storing, curating, tagging, and securing data and models so that they are discoverable, available, trustable, and ready to use when needed by authorized personnel. Engineers and other personnel have a need to access authoritative data and models, to maintain its integrity, and to perform their designated roles as performers, reviewers or approvers as delegated under Technical Authority. Models must be available from any stakeholder’s network, based upon secure, controlled, and consistent access and authorization rights. Data and models must be common and understandable, using appropriate metadata, semantics, and syntax. Data and models must also be available, have well-defined and well-controlled interfaces, use clear classification and control markings, and recorded retention rules. 

执行数字工程的一个关键因素是发布、存储、策划、标记和保护数据和模型的方法，以便它们可以被发现、可用、可信赖，并在授权人员需要时随时使用。工程师和其他人员需要访问权威的数据和模型，以保持其完整性，并根据技术授权履行其作为执行者、审查者或批准者的指定角色。 模型必须在安全、受控和一致的访问和授权权限的基础上，能够从任何利益相关者的网络中获取。数据和模型必须是通用的和可理解的，使用适当的元数据、语义和语法；数据和模型也必须是可用的，有明确定义和良好控制的接口，使用明确的分类和控制标记，并记录保留规则。

OBJECTIVE 3 – Incorporate technological innovation to improve the engineering practice

The end-to-end digital enterprise will incorporate a model-based approach in a connected environment in order to conduct full lifecycle activities from concept to disposal. Digital Engineering is an effective way to increase understanding, convey complex concepts, complete effective system integration, reduce testing time, and support effective decision-making. It also reduces the risk of designing to bad requirements and facilitates reusability and knowledge transfer using an authoritative knowledge source.

As the fleet missions become more complex and involve more systems of systems, the need to understand the full scope of all capabilities, requirements and integration paths for each system through development, design, production, deployment and sustainment becomes more important. As shown in Figure 3, Digital Engineering provides this full understanding from inception to disposal, thru use of an Authoritative Data Source of Reference. Digital Engineering also enables rapid and informed trades regarding new missions or insertion of innovative capabilities, providing confidence in integrity and consistency of function to all affected systems.

端到端的数字化复杂组织，将在一个互联互通的环境中融入基于模型的方法，以进行从概念到处置的全生命周期活动。数字工程是一种增加理解、传达复杂的概念、完成有效的系统集成、减少测试时间、并支持有效的决策的有效方式。还可以减少根据不良需求进行设计的风险，并利用权威的知识源促进可重复使用和知识转移。 

随着舰队任务变得更加复杂，涉及更多的系统，了解每个系统通过开发、设计、生产、部署和维持的所有能力、要求和集成路径的全部范围的需要变得更加重要。如图3所示，数字工程通过使用权威的参考数据源，提供了这种从生到死的全面理解。数字工程还能使人们对新任务或创新能力的植入，进行快速和全面的权衡，为所有受影响的系统提供对功能完整性和一致性的信心。

图3 - 数字模型在连接系统分析、标准和基于模型的系统工程中的作用

Digital models are useful for more than design, construction, and rapid technology insertion. Building a Digital Engineering portfolio early, and maintaining it for the life of the program, supports improved manufacturability, reduced maintenance and higher operational availability. As shown in Figure 4, creation of an accurate model helps ensure supplies and repair parts are appropriately considered and properly provisioned, maximizing operational availability and fleet readiness.

Extended lifespans and inevitable mission changes means platforms and systems often require modifications in order to respond to new contingencies. Use of digital models can help reduce resources expended on expensive, one-of-a-kind mock-ups, or incorrect implementation of design changes. A high fidelity digital model can also determine whether current maintenance and support facilities are still acceptable. If not, existing facilities can be modified, or new facilities provided, to be ready when needed.

数字模型的作用不仅仅是设计、建造和快速技术植入。在早期建立一个数字工程的项目群，并在项目的生命周期内保持，可以支持改善可制造性，减少维护和更高的操作可用性。 如图4所示，创建准确的模型有助于确保保障品和维修备件得到适当的考虑和适当的供应，最大限度地提高操作可用性和舰队的准备状态。

延长寿命和不可避免的任务变化，意味着平台和系统经常需要修改，以应对新的突发事件。使用数字模型可以帮助减少在昂贵的、独一无二的模拟上的资源耗费，或者错误地实施设计变更。高保真数字模型还可以确定，目前的维护和保障设施是否仍然可以接受。如果不是，现有的设施可以被改造，或者建造新的设施，以便在需要时提前做好准备。

Digital Engineering also allows for efficient introduction of upgrades and product improvements. Using a Digital Engineering approach, the feasibility of upgrades can be determined quickly, prototypes created rapidly, and modifications installed with fewer initial errors.

数字工程还允许有效地引入升级和产品改进。使用数字工程方法，可以迅速确定升级的可行性，

迅速创建原型，并在安装过程中减少初始错误带来的设计变更。

图4– 数字工程在保障和提升使用有效性（Ao）方面的作用

OBJECTIVE 4 – Establish the supporting infrastructure and environments for the Digital Engineering practice

An integrated modeling environment (IME) must be established to support Digital Engineering objectives. The IME must be data-centric, provide high bandwidth and throughput, be accessible from multiple networks, and be fully aligned with the Naval Digital Data and Analysis Strategy. 

必须建立一个综合建模环境（IME）来支持数字工程的目标。IME必须以数据为中心，提供高带宽和高吞吐量，可从多个网络访问，并与海军数字工程分析战略完全一致。

Key tools sets must be provided within the IME to support MBSE processes using Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and Unified Modeling Language (UML). Tool and model users must be able to interact with the government at the model level to support design, configuration management, requirements management, and the creation and satisfaction of Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL) items. Unambiguous authentication policies will be required to ensure only properly vetted and cleared personnel have access to the modeling environment. All individuals and activities accessing the IME must be tracked and logged to support security requirements and maintenance of data pedigree.

IME必须提供关键工具集，以支持使用系统建模语言（SysML）的MBSE过程。建模语言（SysML）和统一建模语言（UML）。工具和模型用户 工具和模型用户必须能够在模型层面上与政府互动，以支持设计、配置管理、需求管理以及创建一个新的模型。构成管理，需求管理，以及合同数据的创建和满足。要求清单（CDRL）项目。需要有明确的认证政策，以 确保只有经过适当审查和批准的人员才能进入建模环境。所有访问 IME 的个人和活动都必须被跟踪和记录，以支持安全要求和维护数据来源。

Anticipated uses of a Naval Digital Engineering IME includes access to MBSE systems models,  platform models, operational threads and webs, and cyber models. These models should be  available to perform mission engineering, systems conceptual design, modeling, simulation and  analysis, all phases of the systems engineering acquisition, and test and evaluation enabled by  live-virtual constructive builds. 

海军数字工程IME的预期用途包括访问MBSE系统模型、平台模型、操作线程和网络，以及网络模型。这些模型应可用于执行任务工程、系统概念设计、建模、模拟和分析、系统工程采购的所有阶段，以及通过实时虚拟构建进行测试和评估。

The Naval Digital Engineering IME should be present at classified and unclassified security  levels to support the full scope of Navy and Marine Corps acquisition programs, sustainment  efforts, and engineering workforce superior performance. Appropriate security tagging of data elements is required throughout the IME infrastructure. As Security Classification Guides and data compilation policies are established, the Digital Engineering environment must implement guidance in an automated manner.

海军数字工程IME应该存在涉密和非涉密的安全级别，以支持海军和海军陆战队的全部采办计划、维护保障工作和工程人员的卓越表现。在整个IME基础设施中，需要对数据元素进行适当的安全标记。随着安全分类指南和数据编译政策的确立，数字工程环境必须以自动化的方式实施指导。

OBJECTIVE 5 – Transform the culture and workforce to adopt and support Digital Engineering across the lifecycle

Implementing Digital Engineering is a change management function. Therefore, it requires concerted leadership planning, support, and consistent effort to succeed. Equipping our workforce with relevant skills and experience is a prerequisite to adopting and supporting Digital Engineering across the lifecycle. Moving to a Digital Engineering environment will likely result in new types of positions needed to implement Digital Engineering across DON. Our proposed approach to transforming the Digital Engineering workforce requires combined efforts in personnel recruitment, development and training.

实施数字工程是一项管理职能变革。因此，它需要协调一致的领导规划、支持和持续的努力才能成功。使我们的员工具备相关的技能和经验是，在整个生命周期内采用和支持数字工程的前提条件。转向数字工程环境，可能会创造整个DON实施数字工程所需的新类型职位。我们提出的改造数字工程劳动力的方法，需要在人员招聘、发展和培训方面做出共同努力。 

We must identify appropriate roles of Naval employees involved in Digital Engineering and MBSE, as well as the training required to support each role. Training is required in a timely and effective manner so that acquired skills do not atrophy prior to use. Currently identified sets of modeling communities of practice include:

我们必须确定参与数字工程和MBSE的海军雇员的适当角色，以及支持每个角色所需的培训。培训需要以及时和有效的方式，以使获得的技能在使用前不会退化。目前确定的建模社区实践包括：

• 模型开发者、使用者和架构师

• 基于模型的系统工程师

• 建模管理员、构型经理、策展人和协调人，以及 

• 验证、确认和验收（VV&A）专家

• 系统/项目负责人、项目负责人、学科专家

The Naval Systems Commands and their engineering activities have already developed some courses, but expect to develop a full curriculum supporting training, development and sustainment of a model-centric workforce for all required skill areas and required skill levels. Courses implemented to date are:

海军系统司令部及其工程活动已经开发了一些课程，但希望开发一个完整的课程，支持以模型为中心的劳动力的培训、发展和维持，以适应所有所需的技能领域和所需的技能水平。 迄今实施的课程有：

• MBSE and SysML 101- A week-long course which targets modelers and architects who will regularly perform modeling but do not currently have a comprehensive grasp of SysML. This course instructs participants on the three main building blocks of MBSE; language, tools, processes and techniques. The course also describes benefits of moving from the document based-paradigm to MBSE, and highlights support of systems engineering processes. Additionally, the course provides in-depth introduction to SysML application MagicDraw™. 

• MBSE 和 SysML 101 - 为期一周的课程，面向建模师和架构师，将定期进行建模但目前尚未全面掌握 SysML。 本课程向学员介绍 MBSE 的三个主要组成部分： 语言、工具、过程和技术。 本课程还描述了从基于文档的范式转向 MBSE 的好处，并强调了对系统工程过程的支持。 此外，该课程还深入介绍了 SysML 应用程序 MagicDraw™。

• MBSE Fundamentals course – This half-day course provides a high level overview of MBSE intended for Project Owners, Program Managers, Technical Directors, Supervisors, and other personnel indirectly involved with effective use of models.

• MBSE 基础课程——这个为期半天的课程为项目所有者、项目经理、技术总监、主管和其他间接参与有效使用模型的人员提供了 MBSE 的高级概述。

The Naval Postgraduate School will integrate MBSE into its resident Master of Science in  Systems Engineering curriculum starting in 2019, using SysML design tools and application  within core coursework for five classes. 

Additionally, specialized training supporting software development is required for some Digital Engineering roles: 

• Defense Acquisition University (DAU) Cloud and DevSecOps Training 

• DAU Information Assurance Manager Level 1, DoD 8570.01-M 

• Certification for Cloud Computing professionals (e.g. CompTIA™ Cloud Essentials,  Amazon™ Web Services, Cloud Practitioner, Microsoft Azure™ for Information  Technology Professionals)

海军研究生院将从2019年开始把MBSE纳入其驻地系统工程科学硕士课程，在五门课的核心课程中使用SysML设计工具和应用。

此外，一些数字工程角色需要支持软件开发的专门培训。

• 国防采办大学（DAU）云和DevSecOps培训 

• DAU信息保障经理1级，国防部8570.01-M 

• 云计算专业人员的认证（例如，CompTIA™云计算精华，亚马逊™网络服务，云计算从业者，微软Azure™信息技术专业人员）

The Naval Air Systems Command has conducted an internally funded strategic initiative called the Systems Engineering Transformation (SET) Initiative, piloted at their Aircraft Division. The SET Initiative established an organizational construct, shown in Figure 5. Other Systems Commands plan to leverage SET lessons-learned in support of Navy and Marine Corps Digital Engineering implementation.

海军航空系统司令部开展了一项由内部资助的战略计划，称为系统工程转型 (SET) 计划，由其飞机部门进行试点。 SET 倡议建立了一个组织结构，如图 5 所示。其他系统司令部计划利用 SET 的经验教训，来支持海军和海军陆战队数字工程的实施。

图 5 – 系统工程转型 (SET) 实施计划

The overarching goal is to migrate from a document-centric engineering approach to a Digital Engineering-centric approach, and to realize gains in effectiveness, interoperability, and future upgradeability of Naval Acquisition Systems. One objective is to provide an Integrated Modeling Environment (IME) that supports collaboration regarding their engineering approach, technical processes, and use of models and data formats across all Navy and Marine Corps System Commands.

As shown in Figure 1, this change affects the people, processes, products, policies, tools, and organizations that provide engineering services to achieve the Naval Vision 2020. It also calls for use of an authoritative knowledge repository accessible to all stakeholders to ensure the use of correct, updated, and authoritative information throughout the life cycle by participants.

 总体目标是从以文件为中心的工程方法，迁移到以数字工程为中心的方法，并实现海军采办系统的有效性、互操作性和未来可升级性的收益。其中一个目标是提供一个综合建模环境（IME），支持所有海军和海军陆战队系统司令部在工程方法、技术流程和使用模型和数据格式方面的合作。 

如图1所示，这种变化影响到提供工程服务的人员、流程、产品、政策、工具和组织，以实现2020年海军愿景。它还要求使用一个所有利益相关者都可以访问的权威知识库，以确保参与者在整个生命周期内使用正确的、更新的和权威的信息。

OBJECTIVE 1 – Formalize the development, integration and use of models

Digital Engineering compels that we first understand system behavior and identify supporting system functions, including allocation of those functions to component systems and subsystems through modeling, prior to establishing acquisition performance requirements. The focus is upon allowing the performance specification as a resulting output of the modeling process, rather than writing the performance specification first.

As shown in Figure 2, the transition from a document-centric approach to a digitally-centric approach will allow us to:

数字工程迫使我们在建立采办性能要求之前，首先了解系统行为并确定支持系统的功能，包括通过建模将这些功能分配给组件系统和子系统。重点是允许性能规范作为建模过程的结果输出，而不是事先编写性能规范。

如图2所示，从以文件为中心的方法过渡到以数字为中心的方法将使我们能够：

• Trace allocated system requirements to validated stakeholder mission capabilities

• Model system functional behavior(s) required to accomplish desired capabilities

• Generate a functional system hierarchy directly from the model

• Develop performance requirements for each functional element with consideration for external constraints such as programmatic, safety, cyber and security requirements imposed by statutes, regulations, standards and policy

• Develop verification requirements for each performance requirement, including system of systems interoperability requirements

• Review, monitor, assess, and approve system and program compliance using the Digital Engineering framework

• 追踪已分配的系统需求，以验证利益相关者的任务能力 

• 建立完成预期能力所需的系统功能行为模型 

• 直接从模型中生成一个功能系统的层次结构 

• 为每个功能元素制定性能需求，并考虑到外部约束，如法规、条例、标准和政策规定的程序、安全、网络和安全需求 

• 为每个性能要求制定验证需求，包括系统的互操作性需求 

• 使用数字工程框架审查、监测、评估和批准系统和计划的合规性

图2 - 基于模型的系统工程实现方法

Naval Systems Commands exercise delegated Technical Authority, which is the responsibility and accountability to establish, monitor and approve technical standards, tools, and processes, and certify Navy and Marine Corps system and program compliance with approved architecture tools and policies. Technical Authority responsibilities under Digital Engineering will not change, but the methods required to analyze design, assess risk, and report non-compliance to decision makers and program authorities will need to evolve.

海军系统司令部行使授权的技术权力，这是建立、监督和批准技术标准、工具和流程的责任和问责，并证明海军和海军陆战队的系统和项目符合批准的架构工具和政策。数字工程下的技术授权责任不会改变，但分析设计、评估风险以及向决策者和项目主管部门，仍需要发展其报告不合规情况所需的方法。

OBJECTIVE 2 – Provide an enduring authoritative knowledge source

A critical element to executing the Digital Engineering is the approach for publishing, storing, curating, tagging, and securing data and models so that they are discoverable, available, trustable, and ready to use when needed by authorized personnel. Engineers and other personnel have a need to access authoritative data and models, to maintain its integrity, and to perform their designated roles as performers, reviewers or approvers as delegated under Technical Authority. Models must be available from any stakeholder’s network, based upon secure, controlled, and consistent access and authorization rights. Data and models must be common and understandable, using appropriate metadata, semantics, and syntax. Data and models must also be available, have well-defined and well-controlled interfaces, use clear classification and control markings, and recorded retention rules. 

执行数字工程的一个关键因素是发布、存储、策划、标记和保护数据和模型的方法，以便它们可以被发现、可用、可信赖，并在授权人员需要时随时使用。工程师和其他人员需要访问权威的数据和模型，以保持其完整性，并根据技术授权履行其作为执行者、审查者或批准者的指定角色。 模型必须在安全、受控和一致的访问和授权权限的基础上，能够从任何利益相关者的网络中获取。数据和模型必须是通用的和可理解的，使用适当的元数据、语义和语法；数据和模型也必须是可用的，有明确定义和良好控制的接口，使用明确的分类和控制标记，并记录保留规则。

OBJECTIVE 3 – Incorporate technological innovation to improve the engineering practice

The end-to-end digital enterprise will incorporate a model-based approach in a connected environment in order to conduct full lifecycle activities from concept to disposal. Digital Engineering is an effective way to increase understanding, convey complex concepts, complete effective system integration, reduce testing time, and support effective decision-making. It also reduces the risk of designing to bad requirements and facilitates reusability and knowledge transfer using an authoritative knowledge source.

As the fleet missions become more complex and involve more systems of systems, the need to understand the full scope of all capabilities, requirements and integration paths for each system through development, design, production, deployment and sustainment becomes more important. As shown in Figure 3, Digital Engineering provides this full understanding from inception to disposal, thru use of an Authoritative Data Source of Reference. Digital Engineering also enables rapid and informed trades regarding new missions or insertion of innovative capabilities, providing confidence in integrity and consistency of function to all affected systems.

端到端的数字化复杂组织，将在一个互联互通的环境中融入基于模型的方法，以进行从概念到处置的全生命周期活动。数字工程是一种增加理解、传达复杂的概念、完成有效的系统集成、减少测试时间、并支持有效的决策的有效方式。还可以减少根据不良需求进行设计的风险，并利用权威的知识源促进可重复使用和知识转移。 

随着舰队任务变得更加复杂，涉及更多的系统，了解每个系统通过开发、设计、生产、部署和维持的所有能力、要求和集成路径的全部范围的需要变得更加重要。如图3所示，数字工程通过使用权威的参考数据源，提供了这种从生到死的全面理解。数字工程还能使人们对新任务或创新能力的植入，进行快速和全面的权衡，为所有受影响的系统提供对功能完整性和一致性的信心。

图3 - 数字模型在连接系统分析、标准和基于模型的系统工程中的作用

Digital models are useful for more than design, construction, and rapid technology insertion. Building a Digital Engineering portfolio early, and maintaining it for the life of the program, supports improved manufacturability, reduced maintenance and higher operational availability. As shown in Figure 4, creation of an accurate model helps ensure supplies and repair parts are appropriately considered and properly provisioned, maximizing operational availability and fleet readiness.

Extended lifespans and inevitable mission changes means platforms and systems often require modifications in order to respond to new contingencies. Use of digital models can help reduce resources expended on expensive, one-of-a-kind mock-ups, or incorrect implementation of design changes. A high fidelity digital model can also determine whether current maintenance and support facilities are still acceptable. If not, existing facilities can be modified, or new facilities provided, to be ready when needed.

数字模型的作用不仅仅是设计、建造和快速技术植入。在早期建立一个数字工程的项目群，并在项目的生命周期内保持，可以支持改善可制造性，减少维护和更高的操作可用性。 如图4所示，创建准确的模型有助于确保保障品和维修备件得到适当的考虑和适当的供应，最大限度地提高操作可用性和舰队的准备状态。

延长寿命和不可避免的任务变化，意味着平台和系统经常需要修改，以应对新的突发事件。使用数字模型可以帮助减少在昂贵的、独一无二的模拟上的资源耗费，或者错误地实施设计变更。高保真数字模型还可以确定，目前的维护和保障设施是否仍然可以接受。如果不是，现有的设施可以被改造，或者建造新的设施，以便在需要时提前做好准备。

Digital Engineering also allows for efficient introduction of upgrades and product improvements. Using a Digital Engineering approach, the feasibility of upgrades can be determined quickly, prototypes created rapidly, and modifications installed with fewer initial errors.

数字工程还允许有效地引入升级和产品改进。使用数字工程方法，可以迅速确定升级的可行性，

迅速创建原型，并在安装过程中减少初始错误带来的设计变更。

图4– 数字工程在保障和提升使用有效性（Ao）方面的作用

OBJECTIVE 4 – Establish the supporting infrastructure and environments for the Digital Engineering practice

An integrated modeling environment (IME) must be established to support Digital Engineering objectives. The IME must be data-centric, provide high bandwidth and throughput, be accessible from multiple networks, and be fully aligned with the Naval Digital Data and Analysis Strategy. 

必须建立一个综合建模环境（IME）来支持数字工程的目标。IME必须以数据为中心，提供高带宽和高吞吐量，可从多个网络访问，并与海军数字工程分析战略完全一致。

Key tools sets must be provided within the IME to support MBSE processes using Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and Unified Modeling Language (UML). Tool and model users must be able to interact with the government at the model level to support design, configuration management, requirements management, and the creation and satisfaction of Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL) items. Unambiguous authentication policies will be required to ensure only properly vetted and cleared personnel have access to the modeling environment. All individuals and activities accessing the IME must be tracked and logged to support security requirements and maintenance of data pedigree.

IME必须提供关键工具集，以支持使用系统建模语言（SysML）的MBSE过程。建模语言（SysML）和统一建模语言（UML）。工具和模型用户 工具和模型用户必须能够在模型层面上与政府互动，以支持设计、配置管理、需求管理以及创建一个新的模型。构成管理，需求管理，以及合同数据的创建和满足。要求清单（CDRL）项目。需要有明确的认证政策，以 确保只有经过适当审查和批准的人员才能进入建模环境。所有访问 IME 的个人和活动都必须被跟踪和记录，以支持安全要求和维护数据来源。

Anticipated uses of a Naval Digital Engineering IME includes access to MBSE systems models,  platform models, operational threads and webs, and cyber models. These models should be  available to perform mission engineering, systems conceptual design, modeling, simulation and  analysis, all phases of the systems engineering acquisition, and test and evaluation enabled by  live-virtual constructive builds. 

海军数字工程IME的预期用途包括访问MBSE系统模型、平台模型、操作线程和网络，以及网络模型。这些模型应可用于执行任务工程、系统概念设计、建模、模拟和分析、系统工程采购的所有阶段，以及通过实时虚拟构建进行测试和评估。

The Naval Digital Engineering IME should be present at classified and unclassified security  levels to support the full scope of Navy and Marine Corps acquisition programs, sustainment  efforts, and engineering workforce superior performance. Appropriate security tagging of data elements is required throughout the IME infrastructure. As Security Classification Guides and data compilation policies are established, the Digital Engineering environment must implement guidance in an automated manner.

海军数字工程IME应该存在涉密和非涉密的安全级别，以支持海军和海军陆战队的全部采办计划、维护保障工作和工程人员的卓越表现。在整个IME基础设施中，需要对数据元素进行适当的安全标记。随着安全分类指南和数据编译政策的确立，数字工程环境必须以自动化的方式实施指导。

OBJECTIVE 5 – Transform the culture and workforce to adopt and support Digital Engineering across the lifecycle

Implementing Digital Engineering is a change management function. Therefore, it requires concerted leadership planning, support, and consistent effort to succeed. Equipping our workforce with relevant skills and experience is a prerequisite to adopting and supporting Digital Engineering across the lifecycle. Moving to a Digital Engineering environment will likely result in new types of positions needed to implement Digital Engineering across DON. Our proposed approach to transforming the Digital Engineering workforce requires combined efforts in personnel recruitment, development and training.

实施数字工程是一项管理职能变革。因此，它需要协调一致的领导规划、支持和持续的努力才能成功。使我们的员工具备相关的技能和经验是，在整个生命周期内采用和支持数字工程的前提条件。转向数字工程环境，可能会创造整个DON实施数字工程所需的新类型职位。我们提出的改造数字工程劳动力的方法，需要在人员招聘、发展和培训方面做出共同努力。 

We must identify appropriate roles of Naval employees involved in Digital Engineering and MBSE, as well as the training required to support each role. Training is required in a timely and effective manner so that acquired skills do not atrophy prior to use. Currently identified sets of modeling communities of practice include:

我们必须确定参与数字工程和MBSE的海军雇员的适当角色，以及支持每个角色所需的培训。培训需要以及时和有效的方式，以使获得的技能在使用前不会退化。目前确定的建模社区实践包括：

• 模型开发者、使用者和架构师

• 基于模型的系统工程师

• 建模管理员、构型经理、策展人和协调人，以及 

• 验证、确认和验收（VV&A）专家

• 系统/项目负责人、项目负责人、学科专家

The Naval Systems Commands and their engineering activities have already developed some courses, but expect to develop a full curriculum supporting training, development and sustainment of a model-centric workforce for all required skill areas and required skill levels. Courses implemented to date are:

海军系统司令部及其工程活动已经开发了一些课程，但希望开发一个完整的课程，支持以模型为中心的劳动力的培训、发展和维持，以适应所有所需的技能领域和所需的技能水平。 迄今实施的课程有：

• MBSE and SysML 101- A week-long course which targets modelers and architects who will regularly perform modeling but do not currently have a comprehensive grasp of SysML. This course instructs participants on the three main building blocks of MBSE; language, tools, processes and techniques. The course also describes benefits of moving from the document based-paradigm to MBSE, and highlights support of systems engineering processes. Additionally, the course provides in-depth introduction to SysML application MagicDraw™. 

• MBSE 和 SysML 101 - 为期一周的课程，面向建模师和架构师，将定期进行建模但目前尚未全面掌握 SysML。 本课程向学员介绍 MBSE 的三个主要组成部分： 语言、工具、过程和技术。 本课程还描述了从基于文档的范式转向 MBSE 的好处，并强调了对系统工程过程的支持。 此外，该课程还深入介绍了 SysML 应用程序 MagicDraw™。

• MBSE Fundamentals course – This half-day course provides a high level overview of MBSE intended for Project Owners, Program Managers, Technical Directors, Supervisors, and other personnel indirectly involved with effective use of models.

• MBSE 基础课程——这个为期半天的课程为项目所有者、项目经理、技术总监、主管和其他间接参与有效使用模型的人员提供了 MBSE 的高级概述。

The Naval Postgraduate School will integrate MBSE into its resident Master of Science in  Systems Engineering curriculum starting in 2019, using SysML design tools and application  within core coursework for five classes. 

Additionally, specialized training supporting software development is required for some Digital Engineering roles: 

• Defense Acquisition University (DAU) Cloud and DevSecOps Training 

• DAU Information Assurance Manager Level 1, DoD 8570.01-M 

• Certification for Cloud Computing professionals (e.g. CompTIA™ Cloud Essentials,  Amazon™ Web Services, Cloud Practitioner, Microsoft Azure™ for Information  Technology Professionals)

海军研究生院将从2019年开始把MBSE纳入其驻地系统工程科学硕士课程，在五门课的核心课程中使用SysML设计工具和应用。

此外，一些数字工程角色需要支持软件开发的专门培训。

• 国防采办大学（DAU）云和DevSecOps培训 

• DAU信息保障经理1级，国防部8570.01-M 

• 云计算专业人员的认证（例如，CompTIA™云计算精华，亚马逊™网络服务，云计算从业者，微软Azure™信息技术专业人员）

The Naval Air Systems Command has conducted an internally funded strategic initiative called the Systems Engineering Transformation (SET) Initiative, piloted at their Aircraft Division. The SET Initiative established an organizational construct, shown in Figure 5. Other Systems Commands plan to leverage SET lessons-learned in support of Navy and Marine Corps Digital Engineering implementation.

海军航空系统司令部开展了一项由内部资助的战略计划，称为系统工程转型 (SET) 计划，由其飞机部门进行试点。 SET 倡议建立了一个组织结构，如图 5 所示。其他系统司令部计划利用 SET 的经验教训，来支持海军和海军陆战队数字工程的实施。

图 5 – 系统工程转型 (SET) 实施计划