美元、馒头与稳定币(购买力稳定币与加密公共物品)
在一个更宏观的尺度,也许几十年后,BTC或ETH之类,也会成为稳定币。从BTC的每轮牛熊最高价与最低价的倍数之差来看,BTC的价格波动率是在收窄的。从市值的边际递减规律来看,BTC的价格曲线可能拟合对数函数(a>1)曲线。这意味着,随着时间拉长,BTC价格的增长将会趋缓。按照各国央行拍脑袋定的通胀率容忍标准2%,那么,当BTC价格增长年化在2%以内,它就成为了相对理想的稳定币。稳定币概念衍生于货币的价值尺度职能。即在一定时间范围内,该币对多数商品的价格应该是相对稳定的,它才算稳定币。这种稳定是相对的,比如在一年内,1美元可以与1个馒头互换,如果美元可以诞生稳定币,那么馒头也不是不行。将馒头作为一般等价物,那美元则成了一种普通商品,原本200美元买的衣服,现在只是换成了花费200个馒头。简单而言,之所以不少法币表现出价格稳定的特征,是因为它作为了价值尺度。 但在更长时间尺度上,大多数法币,表现出了稳定贬值的特征。一美元在100年前的购买力和当前的购买力,其差异大的令人咂舌——这意味着一个馒头能买到的美元越来越多了。从供需逻辑来理解,这意味着市场的美元长期处于供大于需的状态,导致美元...
如何提交一个EIP
EIP github : https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs EIP官方网站:https://eips.ethereum.org/all 如何提交一个EIP 官方EIP指导文档:https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-1.md EIP模板:https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/eip-template.md EIP社区(包含EIP编辑)撰写的EIP提交教程: Pandapip1:https://mirror.xyz/0x51F77C6e454B9Ce3Ca8EB5340c7FFc4f23483c2C/zQeij4KArnf3J-yH4ux-Ir_8hM9mKSbKEAxpA--xt8c poojaranjan:https://hackmd.io/@poojaranjan/EIP-ERC-Editor-handbook Anett: https://medium.com/ethereum-magicians/comprehensive...
NFT评估规范——非技术层面-CR5-OIP003
前言 NFT是什么?NFT是一次创新,是一种主张,是一类资产。 与之对应地,Challenger Research一直在思考一个问题,哪些才是真正的NFT?截止目前,还没有一个标准且完整的答案。 但是,显然地,如果仅仅只是一张发布在区块链上的采用ERC721、ERC1155或类似标准的图片,那它并不是真正的NFT。经过研究和统计,目前以NFT自称的多数图片或项目,它们并不具有Token的价值属性,反而充满了剽窃和欺诈。交易平台上线这些假的“NFT”,并不是一种负责任的行为,也伤害了真正的NFT拥护者,扭曲了大众对NFT的正确认知,阻碍了行业发展。 当前NFT的热潮,使我们想起了ICO狂热。当时,市场充满了骗局,有大量毫无价值的Token被分配给投资者,并最终归零,使得投资者蒙受了巨大损失。这种不健康的情况,不应当再次出现在NFT行业中。我们应当保护NFT的真正支持者。 因此,CR正在尝试从非技术层面给出评估一个NFT项目应该具有的基本特征的建议,它是定性的,而非定量的。以下标准目前仅供参考和探讨。同时,随着NFT的发展,我们对NFT的理解也在深入。最重要地,我们持续保持开放和探索...
Focus on NFT, DEFI, concrete Web3 not empty Web3. It doesn't matter who we are, it matters what we can bring to the industry and others.
美元、馒头与稳定币(购买力稳定币与加密公共物品)
在一个更宏观的尺度,也许几十年后,BTC或ETH之类,也会成为稳定币。从BTC的每轮牛熊最高价与最低价的倍数之差来看,BTC的价格波动率是在收窄的。从市值的边际递减规律来看,BTC的价格曲线可能拟合对数函数(a>1)曲线。这意味着,随着时间拉长,BTC价格的增长将会趋缓。按照各国央行拍脑袋定的通胀率容忍标准2%,那么,当BTC价格增长年化在2%以内,它就成为了相对理想的稳定币。稳定币概念衍生于货币的价值尺度职能。即在一定时间范围内,该币对多数商品的价格应该是相对稳定的,它才算稳定币。这种稳定是相对的,比如在一年内,1美元可以与1个馒头互换,如果美元可以诞生稳定币,那么馒头也不是不行。将馒头作为一般等价物,那美元则成了一种普通商品,原本200美元买的衣服,现在只是换成了花费200个馒头。简单而言,之所以不少法币表现出价格稳定的特征,是因为它作为了价值尺度。 但在更长时间尺度上,大多数法币,表现出了稳定贬值的特征。一美元在100年前的购买力和当前的购买力,其差异大的令人咂舌——这意味着一个馒头能买到的美元越来越多了。从供需逻辑来理解,这意味着市场的美元长期处于供大于需的状态,导致美元...
如何提交一个EIP
EIP github : https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs EIP官方网站:https://eips.ethereum.org/all 如何提交一个EIP 官方EIP指导文档:https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-1.md EIP模板:https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/eip-template.md EIP社区(包含EIP编辑)撰写的EIP提交教程: Pandapip1:https://mirror.xyz/0x51F77C6e454B9Ce3Ca8EB5340c7FFc4f23483c2C/zQeij4KArnf3J-yH4ux-Ir_8hM9mKSbKEAxpA--xt8c poojaranjan:https://hackmd.io/@poojaranjan/EIP-ERC-Editor-handbook Anett: https://medium.com/ethereum-magicians/comprehensive...
NFT评估规范——非技术层面-CR5-OIP003
前言 NFT是什么?NFT是一次创新,是一种主张,是一类资产。 与之对应地,Challenger Research一直在思考一个问题,哪些才是真正的NFT?截止目前,还没有一个标准且完整的答案。 但是,显然地,如果仅仅只是一张发布在区块链上的采用ERC721、ERC1155或类似标准的图片,那它并不是真正的NFT。经过研究和统计,目前以NFT自称的多数图片或项目,它们并不具有Token的价值属性,反而充满了剽窃和欺诈。交易平台上线这些假的“NFT”,并不是一种负责任的行为,也伤害了真正的NFT拥护者,扭曲了大众对NFT的正确认知,阻碍了行业发展。 当前NFT的热潮,使我们想起了ICO狂热。当时,市场充满了骗局,有大量毫无价值的Token被分配给投资者,并最终归零,使得投资者蒙受了巨大损失。这种不健康的情况,不应当再次出现在NFT行业中。我们应当保护NFT的真正支持者。 因此,CR正在尝试从非技术层面给出评估一个NFT项目应该具有的基本特征的建议,它是定性的,而非定量的。以下标准目前仅供参考和探讨。同时,随着NFT的发展,我们对NFT的理解也在深入。最重要地,我们持续保持开放和探索...
Focus on NFT, DEFI, concrete Web3 not empty Web3. It doesn't matter who we are, it matters what we can bring to the industry and others.

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Abstract
Realization basis: Although the features of the same collection NFTs are different, the prices can be the same or very close. About 60% NFTs of the same collection are traded near the price floor.
Solve the pain point: Currently, the liquidity of NFT market is still insufficient, especially for some new NFT projects, and the main worry is that such NFT can not be sold.
Future: NFT-AMMs can greatly improve the liquidity of NFT. At the same time, it will accumulate data and provide high-quality oracle data for the future development of derivatives such as NFT lending and NFT hedging.
Key point: Due to the non-fungibility of NFT, the mechanism of NFT-AMMs is different from that of FT-AMMs. Some flexible mechanism design must be adopted to make NFT-AMMs work well.
NFT-AMMs-V1

Trade Rules
Buy: You can only buy an integral number of NFT.
Sell: You can only sell an integral number of NFT.
Add liquidity: Liquidity can only be added based on an integral number of NFT, which can be 0, that is, FT unilateral liquidity can be added.
Remove liquidity: Only an integral number of NFT and corresponding FT can be obtained.
Rate Setting
Creator fee, the creator of the liquidity pool determines the rate and specifies the receiving address, or set by the AMMs developer (to prevent somebody maliciously building a pool to collect creator fees). At the same time, we suggest to set the upper limit of creator fee and lower it (from a personal perspective, we oppose excessively high creator fee).
Charge fee, distributed to liquidity providers as incentives.
Protocol fee, temporarily distributed to the contact developer team to support the subsequent development and operation of NFT-AMMs.
Fees are charged for buying or selling NFTs to incentivize liquidity providers and cover impermanent losses. It means that the charge fees and creator fees of NFT-AMMs should be at most half of that of the traditional trade market.
Operations Involved in NFT-AMMs





Further improvement:
Set trade start button. Since it may take a period of time to create and add a liquidity fund pool, in order to prevent the fluctuation caused by user’s NFT trade from interfering with the change of K value (in CPMM model, K value changes with the increase of charge fees income), a trade start button can be set. After the fund pool is established, the trade can be started by the creator (but cannot be closed later).
A mechanism to add liquidity in batch. We need to consider how to reduce the gas consumption of adding liquidity in batch (at present, the best way is to build NFT-AMMs on other public chains or layer 2, but we are not willing to compromise), and improve the speed of adding liquidity pool.
LPNFT can adopt ERC1155 standards.
Slippage tolerance and transaction deadline. In the stage of frequent trade, there may be trade failure or congestion, and the slippage tolerance and transaction deadline can be considered. If it exceeds slippage tolerance or transaction deadline, the deal will be terminated.
Differences between NFT-AMMs and Uniswap-AMMs




Follow-up Version Planning
NFT-AMMs-V2
Red List Mechanism – Enhance incentives for other liquidity providers.
There are two types of important liquidity providers of NFT-AMMs, one is the project party, and the other is common users.
For most project parties, after adding liquidity, they generally promise not to remove the liquidity, or even directly destroy the private key, so this part of liquidity is permanently settled. However, this part of liquidity is still getting incentives by charge fees, which has caused great waste.
Therefore, we can develop the “Red List” mechanism: after the project party adds liquidity pool, it sets its own address as the Red List, and the held LPNFT will also be processed accordingly, so the liquidity added by the address will never be removed or restricted; This part of liquidity will not share charge fees, and the charge fee will only be shared with other liquidity providers. This will make the commitment of the project party not to remove liquidity confirmed on the chain; And enhance incentives for other liquidity providers.
Industry Support Plan: This mechanism is also applicable to all FT-AMMs mechanisms. Therefore, any FT-AMMs can be approved to use this mechanism for free after applying to 10K Universe, and CR will provide research support.
NFT-AMMs-V3
Combine with NFT mortgage lending mechanism to improve liquidity providers’ profits.
Due to limitations of the CPMM model, some of the NFT and FT liquidity in AMMs fund pool cannot be fully utilized. At this time, based on AMMs fund pool, a lending mechanism can be established, from which users can mortgage ETH to borrow NFT, or mortgage NFT to borrow ETH. AMMs’ mid price also provide oracle data, and AMMs’ capital pool provides a self-clearing mechanism. This will improve liquidity providers’ profits. The model and mechanism will be given later.
Moreover, this mechanism is also applicable to the improvement of FT-AMMs based on CPMM models such as Uniswap V2 and V3.
NFT-AMMs-V4
No pool AMMs.
Combine NFT-AMMs with the mechanism of ERC721QS, AMMs without NFT fund pool or mixed fund pool can be established.
NFT-AMMs-V5
NFT hedging, NFT leveraged trading.
Bounty Program
CR has not put forward the final plan to significantly reduce the gas consumption of transferring NFT in batch on the ETH chain (although we have some plans, we are not satisfied and willing enough). Therefore, here comes our bounty program.
If there is a universal proposal that can reduce the gas consumption of over 100 NFTs’ transferring in batch to less than 1% of the traditional method on ETH chain, after CR’s evaluation, the best proposal will receive the reward provided by CR. It is better to attach practical cases of application of main network or test network.
Reward (one out of three):
(1) 1% equity of 10K Universe (the share may be diluted along with financing);
(2) 10K Universe will offer $1 million reward in the future. In case of delay, 10K Universe will pay an additional 10% annual interest;
(3) Researcher identity of Challenger Research.
Delivery E-mail: 5660@10kuni.io
We believe that the future NFT marketplace will be much larger than the FT market, and the current gas consumption when transferring NFT in batch will become extremely unacceptable then. Therefore, compared with such a huge market, the reward we offer is very limited, but we still hope that geeks, industry top researchers and all challengers can join in to solve the problem together.
Advertising Break
No matter how you think of NFT-AMMs scheme and mechanism, we still emphasize that this is only one of the comprehensive services that 10K Universe, a curated NFT comprehensive service platform and a unified metaverse, will provide in the future. Meanwhile, 10K Universe will start financing and recruitment plans recently. Welcome to contact us.
Contact:
William (5660), Chinese
E-mail: 5660@10kuni.io
Twitter: https://twitter.com/web3saltman
Web3: https://chat.blockscan.com/ search 5660.eth to chat with
Hasbulla (Abu), English
E-mail: abu@10kuni.io
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hellodijb
Web3: https://chat.blockscan.com/ search 0025.eth to chat with
About Challenger Research (CR)
CR is a loose but united, non-profit organization composed of Web3 industry researchers. The core value of the organization is to challenge people’s cognition of Web3 and release the powerful potential of the Web3 world. Web3 is constantly evolving (not progressing, but evolving). CR think that most people’s understanding of Web3 is not accurate and complete at present, and industry researchers need to continuously conduct in-depth research and update the public’s understanding. Its organization name “Challenger” comes from the wrecked US space shuttle “Challenger”. Although Web3’s world exploration is full of failure possibility, CR is still willing to be a pioneer. CR does not deliberately pursue anonymity, but it still will not disclose the organization members, their work and research. New researchers can join CR publicly or anonymously, and we also accept contributions in various forms. CR will conduct some interesting experiments later. For example, when ERC721QS-3 or QS-X contract is adopted, we will generate CR-SBT to verify the researcher’s identity, and determine the researcher’s proposal and qualification to participate in possible meetings.
Temporary contact: 5660.eth
Search 5660.eth on Blockscan Chat and start the conversation
https://chat.blockscan.com/index
Know about our recent experiment projects and more details to be disclosed:
Abstract
Realization basis: Although the features of the same collection NFTs are different, the prices can be the same or very close. About 60% NFTs of the same collection are traded near the price floor.
Solve the pain point: Currently, the liquidity of NFT market is still insufficient, especially for some new NFT projects, and the main worry is that such NFT can not be sold.
Future: NFT-AMMs can greatly improve the liquidity of NFT. At the same time, it will accumulate data and provide high-quality oracle data for the future development of derivatives such as NFT lending and NFT hedging.
Key point: Due to the non-fungibility of NFT, the mechanism of NFT-AMMs is different from that of FT-AMMs. Some flexible mechanism design must be adopted to make NFT-AMMs work well.
NFT-AMMs-V1

Trade Rules
Buy: You can only buy an integral number of NFT.
Sell: You can only sell an integral number of NFT.
Add liquidity: Liquidity can only be added based on an integral number of NFT, which can be 0, that is, FT unilateral liquidity can be added.
Remove liquidity: Only an integral number of NFT and corresponding FT can be obtained.
Rate Setting
Creator fee, the creator of the liquidity pool determines the rate and specifies the receiving address, or set by the AMMs developer (to prevent somebody maliciously building a pool to collect creator fees). At the same time, we suggest to set the upper limit of creator fee and lower it (from a personal perspective, we oppose excessively high creator fee).
Charge fee, distributed to liquidity providers as incentives.
Protocol fee, temporarily distributed to the contact developer team to support the subsequent development and operation of NFT-AMMs.
Fees are charged for buying or selling NFTs to incentivize liquidity providers and cover impermanent losses. It means that the charge fees and creator fees of NFT-AMMs should be at most half of that of the traditional trade market.
Operations Involved in NFT-AMMs





Further improvement:
Set trade start button. Since it may take a period of time to create and add a liquidity fund pool, in order to prevent the fluctuation caused by user’s NFT trade from interfering with the change of K value (in CPMM model, K value changes with the increase of charge fees income), a trade start button can be set. After the fund pool is established, the trade can be started by the creator (but cannot be closed later).
A mechanism to add liquidity in batch. We need to consider how to reduce the gas consumption of adding liquidity in batch (at present, the best way is to build NFT-AMMs on other public chains or layer 2, but we are not willing to compromise), and improve the speed of adding liquidity pool.
LPNFT can adopt ERC1155 standards.
Slippage tolerance and transaction deadline. In the stage of frequent trade, there may be trade failure or congestion, and the slippage tolerance and transaction deadline can be considered. If it exceeds slippage tolerance or transaction deadline, the deal will be terminated.
Differences between NFT-AMMs and Uniswap-AMMs




Follow-up Version Planning
NFT-AMMs-V2
Red List Mechanism – Enhance incentives for other liquidity providers.
There are two types of important liquidity providers of NFT-AMMs, one is the project party, and the other is common users.
For most project parties, after adding liquidity, they generally promise not to remove the liquidity, or even directly destroy the private key, so this part of liquidity is permanently settled. However, this part of liquidity is still getting incentives by charge fees, which has caused great waste.
Therefore, we can develop the “Red List” mechanism: after the project party adds liquidity pool, it sets its own address as the Red List, and the held LPNFT will also be processed accordingly, so the liquidity added by the address will never be removed or restricted; This part of liquidity will not share charge fees, and the charge fee will only be shared with other liquidity providers. This will make the commitment of the project party not to remove liquidity confirmed on the chain; And enhance incentives for other liquidity providers.
Industry Support Plan: This mechanism is also applicable to all FT-AMMs mechanisms. Therefore, any FT-AMMs can be approved to use this mechanism for free after applying to 10K Universe, and CR will provide research support.
NFT-AMMs-V3
Combine with NFT mortgage lending mechanism to improve liquidity providers’ profits.
Due to limitations of the CPMM model, some of the NFT and FT liquidity in AMMs fund pool cannot be fully utilized. At this time, based on AMMs fund pool, a lending mechanism can be established, from which users can mortgage ETH to borrow NFT, or mortgage NFT to borrow ETH. AMMs’ mid price also provide oracle data, and AMMs’ capital pool provides a self-clearing mechanism. This will improve liquidity providers’ profits. The model and mechanism will be given later.
Moreover, this mechanism is also applicable to the improvement of FT-AMMs based on CPMM models such as Uniswap V2 and V3.
NFT-AMMs-V4
No pool AMMs.
Combine NFT-AMMs with the mechanism of ERC721QS, AMMs without NFT fund pool or mixed fund pool can be established.
NFT-AMMs-V5
NFT hedging, NFT leveraged trading.
Bounty Program
CR has not put forward the final plan to significantly reduce the gas consumption of transferring NFT in batch on the ETH chain (although we have some plans, we are not satisfied and willing enough). Therefore, here comes our bounty program.
If there is a universal proposal that can reduce the gas consumption of over 100 NFTs’ transferring in batch to less than 1% of the traditional method on ETH chain, after CR’s evaluation, the best proposal will receive the reward provided by CR. It is better to attach practical cases of application of main network or test network.
Reward (one out of three):
(1) 1% equity of 10K Universe (the share may be diluted along with financing);
(2) 10K Universe will offer $1 million reward in the future. In case of delay, 10K Universe will pay an additional 10% annual interest;
(3) Researcher identity of Challenger Research.
Delivery E-mail: 5660@10kuni.io
We believe that the future NFT marketplace will be much larger than the FT market, and the current gas consumption when transferring NFT in batch will become extremely unacceptable then. Therefore, compared with such a huge market, the reward we offer is very limited, but we still hope that geeks, industry top researchers and all challengers can join in to solve the problem together.
Advertising Break
No matter how you think of NFT-AMMs scheme and mechanism, we still emphasize that this is only one of the comprehensive services that 10K Universe, a curated NFT comprehensive service platform and a unified metaverse, will provide in the future. Meanwhile, 10K Universe will start financing and recruitment plans recently. Welcome to contact us.
Contact:
William (5660), Chinese
E-mail: 5660@10kuni.io
Twitter: https://twitter.com/web3saltman
Web3: https://chat.blockscan.com/ search 5660.eth to chat with
Hasbulla (Abu), English
E-mail: abu@10kuni.io
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hellodijb
Web3: https://chat.blockscan.com/ search 0025.eth to chat with
About Challenger Research (CR)
CR is a loose but united, non-profit organization composed of Web3 industry researchers. The core value of the organization is to challenge people’s cognition of Web3 and release the powerful potential of the Web3 world. Web3 is constantly evolving (not progressing, but evolving). CR think that most people’s understanding of Web3 is not accurate and complete at present, and industry researchers need to continuously conduct in-depth research and update the public’s understanding. Its organization name “Challenger” comes from the wrecked US space shuttle “Challenger”. Although Web3’s world exploration is full of failure possibility, CR is still willing to be a pioneer. CR does not deliberately pursue anonymity, but it still will not disclose the organization members, their work and research. New researchers can join CR publicly or anonymously, and we also accept contributions in various forms. CR will conduct some interesting experiments later. For example, when ERC721QS-3 or QS-X contract is adopted, we will generate CR-SBT to verify the researcher’s identity, and determine the researcher’s proposal and qualification to participate in possible meetings.
Temporary contact: 5660.eth
Search 5660.eth on Blockscan Chat and start the conversation
https://chat.blockscan.com/index
Know about our recent experiment projects and more details to be disclosed:
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