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Real BlockBuilding Blocks for DEX Router Construction & Analysis
by Alex Carreira & Prabhaav BhardwajOverviewExchanging one asset for another is a foundational concept of financial markets. In cryptocurrency markets, this commonly occurs where tokens or currencies are swapped or traded for others. Uniswap is an automated liquidity protocol that facilitates this type of swapping. It uses pairs or pools (henceforth pairs), pooled reserves of two assets[1], to allow a user to swap one asset for another.Figure 1.0: A Uniswap pool of tokens A and B along with e...
Real BlockDecentralized Society: Finding Web3’s Soul1
E. Glen Weyl,2 Puja Ohlhaver,3 Vitalik Buterin 4 May 2022 "The Dao is the hearth and home of the ten thousand things. Good souls treasure it, lost souls find shelter in it.” — Laozi, #62 Abstract Web3 today centers around expressing transferable, financialized assets, rather than encoding social relationships of trust. Yet many core economic activities—such as uncollateralized lending and building personal brands—are built on persistent, non-transferable relationships. In this paper, we illust...
Real BlockModeling Bitcoin Value with Scarcity | Medium
https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/modeling-bitcoins-value-with-scarcity-91fa0fc03e25IntroductionSatoshi Nakamoto published the bitcoin white paper 31/Oct 2008 [1], created the bitcoin genesis block 03/Jan 2009, and released the bitcoin code 08/Jan 2009. So begins a journey that leads to a $70bn bitcoin (BTC) market today. Bitcoin is the first scarce digital object the world has ever seen. It is scarce like silver & gold, and can be sent over the internet, radio, satellite etc."As a thought e...
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Real BlockBuilding Blocks for DEX Router Construction & Analysis
by Alex Carreira & Prabhaav BhardwajOverviewExchanging one asset for another is a foundational concept of financial markets. In cryptocurrency markets, this commonly occurs where tokens or currencies are swapped or traded for others. Uniswap is an automated liquidity protocol that facilitates this type of swapping. It uses pairs or pools (henceforth pairs), pooled reserves of two assets[1], to allow a user to swap one asset for another.Figure 1.0: A Uniswap pool of tokens A and B along with e...
Real BlockDecentralized Society: Finding Web3’s Soul1
E. Glen Weyl,2 Puja Ohlhaver,3 Vitalik Buterin 4 May 2022 "The Dao is the hearth and home of the ten thousand things. Good souls treasure it, lost souls find shelter in it.” — Laozi, #62 Abstract Web3 today centers around expressing transferable, financialized assets, rather than encoding social relationships of trust. Yet many core economic activities—such as uncollateralized lending and building personal brands—are built on persistent, non-transferable relationships. In this paper, we illust...
Real BlockModeling Bitcoin Value with Scarcity | Medium
https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/modeling-bitcoins-value-with-scarcity-91fa0fc03e25IntroductionSatoshi Nakamoto published the bitcoin white paper 31/Oct 2008 [1], created the bitcoin genesis block 03/Jan 2009, and released the bitcoin code 08/Jan 2009. So begins a journey that leads to a $70bn bitcoin (BTC) market today. Bitcoin is the first scarce digital object the world has ever seen. It is scarce like silver & gold, and can be sent over the internet, radio, satellite etc."As a thought e...
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stETH由ETH1:1铸造，但兑换是单向，1stETH并不能兑换回ETH。因此，stETH更像是一个带有一定收益（APY4%）的远期合约，而交割日期就是以太坊Merge后信标连上的ETH开放赎回之日。
到这里看来，由于stETH单向兑换问题，其价格应该是低于ETH现价的。
stETH的官方Lido通过年化4%吸引用户前来Stake。与此同时，Lido并通过各种Defi的方式（包括作为MakerDAO抵押物、上线Uniswap、上线Curve池、上线AAVE），上线了二级市场FTX等交易所，为stETH尽可能的提供流动性，使得stETH的价值很难脱锚ETH。
这也促使资金不断涌入Lido。
(1) 目前，LIDO拥有超过30%的ETH STAKE份额，这造成了ETH PoS网络的高度中心化，并可能带来治理攻击问题。随着merge的临近，社区不断有人提出stETH的中心化问题，包括交易所stake也存在同样的问题。
https://research.lido.fi/t/should-lido-on-ethereum-be-limited-to-some-fixed-of-stake/2225
(2) 以太坊社区大佬近期纷纷对PoS中心化抛出观点
1）@superphiz表示，鼓励协议自己设置22%的限额。
https://twitter.com/superphiz/status/1525218193756807169
2）@VitalikButerin V神表示，如果一个stake pool的份额超过了15%，就应该收更多的费用直到份额回到15%以下为止。
https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1525301234516652032
以太坊社区对PoS中心化问题的处理对策，会直接影响stETH本身的价值。 与此同时，stETH下跌可能引发DeFi的清算，比如instadapp上的vault 一旦比率跌到0.85 就会触发ETH被大规模清算，此外从情绪上也可能会带动ETH的下跌，甚至波及整个加密市场。
在市场下行的氛围里，越来越多的stETH和ETH存在被抛售的需求，但是低流动性的stETH可能会因为流动性不足导致价格与ETH的脱锚，特别是在极端行情下更容易发生。
stETH由ETH1:1铸造，但兑换是单向，1stETH并不能兑换回ETH。因此，stETH更像是一个带有一定收益（APY4%）的远期合约，而交割日期就是以太坊Merge后信标连上的ETH开放赎回之日。
到这里看来，由于stETH单向兑换问题，其价格应该是低于ETH现价的。
stETH的官方Lido通过年化4%吸引用户前来Stake。与此同时，Lido并通过各种Defi的方式（包括作为MakerDAO抵押物、上线Uniswap、上线Curve池、上线AAVE），上线了二级市场FTX等交易所，为stETH尽可能的提供流动性，使得stETH的价值很难脱锚ETH。
这也促使资金不断涌入Lido。
(1) 目前，LIDO拥有超过30%的ETH STAKE份额，这造成了ETH PoS网络的高度中心化，并可能带来治理攻击问题。随着merge的临近，社区不断有人提出stETH的中心化问题，包括交易所stake也存在同样的问题。
https://research.lido.fi/t/should-lido-on-ethereum-be-limited-to-some-fixed-of-stake/2225
(2) 以太坊社区大佬近期纷纷对PoS中心化抛出观点
1）@superphiz表示，鼓励协议自己设置22%的限额。
https://twitter.com/superphiz/status/1525218193756807169
2）@VitalikButerin V神表示，如果一个stake pool的份额超过了15%，就应该收更多的费用直到份额回到15%以下为止。
https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1525301234516652032
以太坊社区对PoS中心化问题的处理对策，会直接影响stETH本身的价值。 与此同时，stETH下跌可能引发DeFi的清算，比如instadapp上的vault 一旦比率跌到0.85 就会触发ETH被大规模清算，此外从情绪上也可能会带动ETH的下跌，甚至波及整个加密市场。
在市场下行的氛围里，越来越多的stETH和ETH存在被抛售的需求，但是低流动性的stETH可能会因为流动性不足导致价格与ETH的脱锚，特别是在极端行情下更容易发生。
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