Uniswap上做swap交易时，比如用usdt购买btc，会根据界面上输入的usdt数量，实时计算出可以swap到多少个btc，v2版本因为是应用了xy=k的公式，可以方便的计算出来。代码里通过getAmountOut和getAmountIn得到，这两个都是view函数，不需要消耗gas。而到了v3版本，不再是单独的xy=k公式，而是分割成一小块一小块的tick，swap交易时，划过一块一块的tick，最终才计算出可以换出多少个token，而v3也没有专门为了这个前端功能写一个view函数，而是用了callStatic调用，然后在合约里try…catch捕获revert信息并return来返回换得的数量。下面就解析一下这个奇淫技巧。

v3中有专门一个合约QuoterV2提供给前端调用

function quoteExactInputSingle(QuoteExactInputSingleParams memory params)
    public
    override
    returns (
        uint256 amountOut,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96After,
        uint32 initializedTicksCrossed,
        uint256 gasEstimate
    )
{
    bool zeroForOne = params.tokenIn < params.tokenOut;
    IUniswapV3Pool pool = getPool(params.tokenIn, params.tokenOut, params.fee);

    uint256 gasBefore = gasleft();
    try
        pool.swap(
            address(this), // address(0) might cause issues with some tokens
            zeroForOne,
            params.amountIn.toInt256(),
            params.sqrtPriceLimitX96 == 0
                ? (zeroForOne ? TickMath.MIN_SQRT_RATIO + 1 : TickMath.MAX_SQRT_RATIO - 1)
                : params.sqrtPriceLimitX96,
            abi.encodePacked(params.tokenIn, params.fee, params.tokenOut)
        )
    {} catch (bytes memory reason) {
        gasEstimate = gasBefore - gasleft();
        return handleRevert(reason, pool, gasEstimate);
    }
}

可以看到，上面调用了pool的swap方法去做swap交易，外面用try…catch捕获swap抛出的异常，再用handleRevert去解析reason信息。

在pool的swap方法里，有一段代码回调了QuoterV2的uniswapV3SwapCallback方法

    // do the transfers and collect payment
    if (zeroForOne) {
        if (amount1 < 0) TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token1, recipient, uint256(-amount1));

        uint256 balance0Before = balance0();
        IUniswapV3SwapCallback(msg.sender).uniswapV3SwapCallback(amount0, amount1, data);
        require(balance0Before.add(uint256(amount0)) <= balance0(), 'IIA');
    } else {
        if (amount0 < 0) TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token0, recipient, uint256(-amount0));

        uint256 balance1Before = balance1();
        IUniswapV3SwapCallback(msg.sender).uniswapV3SwapCallback(amount0, amount1, data);
        require(balance1Before.add(uint256(amount1)) <= balance1(), 'IIA');
    }

再看下QuoterV2的uniswapV3SwapCallback方法

function uniswapV3SwapCallback(
    int256 amount0Delta,
    int256 amount1Delta,
    bytes memory path
) external view override {
    //省略其它代码
    (bool isExactInput, uint256 amountToPay, uint256 amountReceived) =
        amount0Delta > 0
            ? (tokenIn < tokenOut, uint256(amount0Delta), uint256(-amount1Delta))
            : (tokenOut < tokenIn, uint256(amount1Delta), uint256(-amount0Delta));

    IUniswapV3Pool pool = getPool(tokenIn, tokenOut, fee);
    (uint160 sqrtPriceX96After, int24 tickAfter, , , , , ) = pool.slot0();

    if (isExactInput) {
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, amountReceived)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), sqrtPriceX96After)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), tickAfter)
            revert(ptr, 96)
        }
    } else {
        // if the cache has been populated, ensure that the full output amount has been received
        if (amountOutCached != 0) require(amountReceived == amountOutCached);
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, amountToPay)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), sqrtPriceX96After)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), tickAfter)
            revert(ptr, 96)
        }
    }
}

这里用了opcode，mload读取下一个空闲指针地址，然后三个mstore把amountReceived，sqrtPriceX96After和tickAfter存入内存，并revert这个bytes。也就是说，这个回调函数把换得的token数量，换后的价格和最后价格所在的tick，这三个参数拼接成bytes，然后当做revert的信息，revert了这个交易。接着就被catch捕获了，然后用handleRevert去解析这个bytes。

function handleRevert(
    bytes memory reason,
    IUniswapV3Pool pool,
    uint256 gasEstimate
)
    private
    view
    returns (
        uint256 amount,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96After,
        uint32 initializedTicksCrossed,
        uint256
    )
{
    //省略其它代码
    (amount, sqrtPriceX96After, tickAfter) = parseRevertReason(reason);
    //省略其它代码
    return (amount, sqrtPriceX96After, initializedTicksCrossed, gasEstimate);
}

function parseRevertReason(bytes memory reason)
    private
    pure
    returns (
        uint256 amount,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96After,
        int24 tickAfter
    )
{
    //省略其它代码
    return abi.decode(reason, (uint256, uint160, int24));
}

这里直接用abi.decode解码了bytes，然后return给客户端。

而quoteExactInputSingle并不是view或者pure函数，调用还是会消耗gas的，这样岂不是达不到目的？其实，客户端用了callStatic方式来调用这个方法，也就是contract.callStatic.quoteExactInputSingle，它可以让节点伪装成不改变状态的调用去调用合约的方法，这样就不需要私钥也不会弹出钱包确认框。

Uniswap上做swap交易时，比如用usdt购买btc，会根据界面上输入的usdt数量，实时计算出可以swap到多少个btc，v2版本因为是应用了xy=k的公式，可以方便的计算出来。代码里通过getAmountOut和getAmountIn得到，这两个都是view函数，不需要消耗gas。而到了v3版本，不再是单独的xy=k公式，而是分割成一小块一小块的tick，swap交易时，划过一块一块的tick，最终才计算出可以换出多少个token，而v3也没有专门为了这个前端功能写一个view函数，而是用了callStatic调用，然后在合约里try…catch捕获revert信息并return来返回换得的数量。下面就解析一下这个奇淫技巧。

v3中有专门一个合约QuoterV2提供给前端调用

function quoteExactInputSingle(QuoteExactInputSingleParams memory params)
    public
    override
    returns (
        uint256 amountOut,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96After,
        uint32 initializedTicksCrossed,
        uint256 gasEstimate
    )
{
    bool zeroForOne = params.tokenIn < params.tokenOut;
    IUniswapV3Pool pool = getPool(params.tokenIn, params.tokenOut, params.fee);

    uint256 gasBefore = gasleft();
    try
        pool.swap(
            address(this), // address(0) might cause issues with some tokens
            zeroForOne,
            params.amountIn.toInt256(),
            params.sqrtPriceLimitX96 == 0
                ? (zeroForOne ? TickMath.MIN_SQRT_RATIO + 1 : TickMath.MAX_SQRT_RATIO - 1)
                : params.sqrtPriceLimitX96,
            abi.encodePacked(params.tokenIn, params.fee, params.tokenOut)
        )
    {} catch (bytes memory reason) {
        gasEstimate = gasBefore - gasleft();
        return handleRevert(reason, pool, gasEstimate);
    }
}

可以看到，上面调用了pool的swap方法去做swap交易，外面用try…catch捕获swap抛出的异常，再用handleRevert去解析reason信息。

在pool的swap方法里，有一段代码回调了QuoterV2的uniswapV3SwapCallback方法

    // do the transfers and collect payment
    if (zeroForOne) {
        if (amount1 < 0) TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token1, recipient, uint256(-amount1));

        uint256 balance0Before = balance0();
        IUniswapV3SwapCallback(msg.sender).uniswapV3SwapCallback(amount0, amount1, data);
        require(balance0Before.add(uint256(amount0)) <= balance0(), 'IIA');
    } else {
        if (amount0 < 0) TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token0, recipient, uint256(-amount0));

        uint256 balance1Before = balance1();
        IUniswapV3SwapCallback(msg.sender).uniswapV3SwapCallback(amount0, amount1, data);
        require(balance1Before.add(uint256(amount1)) <= balance1(), 'IIA');
    }

再看下QuoterV2的uniswapV3SwapCallback方法

function uniswapV3SwapCallback(
    int256 amount0Delta,
    int256 amount1Delta,
    bytes memory path
) external view override {
    //省略其它代码
    (bool isExactInput, uint256 amountToPay, uint256 amountReceived) =
        amount0Delta > 0
            ? (tokenIn < tokenOut, uint256(amount0Delta), uint256(-amount1Delta))
            : (tokenOut < tokenIn, uint256(amount1Delta), uint256(-amount0Delta));

    IUniswapV3Pool pool = getPool(tokenIn, tokenOut, fee);
    (uint160 sqrtPriceX96After, int24 tickAfter, , , , , ) = pool.slot0();

    if (isExactInput) {
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, amountReceived)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), sqrtPriceX96After)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), tickAfter)
            revert(ptr, 96)
        }
    } else {
        // if the cache has been populated, ensure that the full output amount has been received
        if (amountOutCached != 0) require(amountReceived == amountOutCached);
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, amountToPay)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), sqrtPriceX96After)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), tickAfter)
            revert(ptr, 96)
        }
    }
}

这里用了opcode，mload读取下一个空闲指针地址，然后三个mstore把amountReceived，sqrtPriceX96After和tickAfter存入内存，并revert这个bytes。也就是说，这个回调函数把换得的token数量，换后的价格和最后价格所在的tick，这三个参数拼接成bytes，然后当做revert的信息，revert了这个交易。接着就被catch捕获了，然后用handleRevert去解析这个bytes。

function handleRevert(
    bytes memory reason,
    IUniswapV3Pool pool,
    uint256 gasEstimate
)
    private
    view
    returns (
        uint256 amount,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96After,
        uint32 initializedTicksCrossed,
        uint256
    )
{
    //省略其它代码
    (amount, sqrtPriceX96After, tickAfter) = parseRevertReason(reason);
    //省略其它代码
    return (amount, sqrtPriceX96After, initializedTicksCrossed, gasEstimate);
}

function parseRevertReason(bytes memory reason)
    private
    pure
    returns (
        uint256 amount,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96After,
        int24 tickAfter
    )
{
    //省略其它代码
    return abi.decode(reason, (uint256, uint160, int24));
}

这里直接用abi.decode解码了bytes，然后return给客户端。

而quoteExactInputSingle并不是view或者pure函数，调用还是会消耗gas的，这样岂不是达不到目的？其实，客户端用了callStatic方式来调用这个方法，也就是contract.callStatic.quoteExactInputSingle，它可以让节点伪装成不改变状态的调用去调用合约的方法，这样就不需要私钥也不会弹出钱包确认框。