What Is a 10-K?A 10-K is a comprehensive report filed annually by a publicly-traded company about its financial performance and is required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The report contains much more detail than a company's annual report, which is sent to its shareholders before an annual meeting to elect company directors.1 Some of the information a company is required to document in the 10-K includes its history, organizational structure, financial statements, e...

What Is a Value Proposition?A value proposition refers to the value a company promises to deliver to customers should they choose to buy their product. A value proposition is part of a company's overall marketing strategy. The value proposition provides a declaration of intent or a statement that introduces a company's brand to consumers by telling them what the company stands for, how it operates, and why it deserves their business. A value proposition can be presented as a busines...

What Is the Jensen's Measure?The Jensen's measure, or Jensen's alpha, is a risk-adjusted performance measure that represents the average return on a portfolio or investment, above or below that predicted by the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), given the portfolio's or investment's beta and the average market return. This metric is also commonly referred to as simply alpha.KEY TAKEAWAYSThe Jensen's measure is the difference in how much a person returns vs. the ...

What Is a Preferred Stock?The term "stock" refers to ownership or equity in a firm. There are two types of equity—common stock and preferred stock. Preferred stockholders have a higher claim to dividends or asset distribution than common stockholders. The details of each preferred stock depend on the issue. KEY TAKEAWAYSPreferred stockholders have a higher claim on distributions (e.g. dividends) than common stockholders.Preferred stockholders usually have no or limited, voting rights in corpo...

据 Dune Analytics 最新数据显示，以太坊 Layer2 扩容解决方案 StarkNet 跨链桥接存储总价值已突破 1500 枚 ETH，本文撰写时为 1,561 ETH（按照当前 ETH 价格计算超 200 万美元），参与桥接交易的用户量为 33,524 个。在其他 L2 跨链桥方面，当前 Arbitrum 跨链桥接存储总价值为 1,914,145 ETH、Optimism 为 415,864 ETH、zkSync 为 169,576 ETH。

What Is Form 1040: U.S. Individual Tax Return?Form 1040 is the standard Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form that individual taxpayers use to file their annual income tax returns. The form contains sections that require taxpayers to disclose their taxable income for the year to determine whether additional taxes are owed or whether the filer will receive a tax refund.KEY TAKEAWAYSForm 1040 is what individual taxpayers use to file their taxes with the IRS.The form determines if additional taxes...

What Is a Health Savings Account (HSA)?A Health Savings Account (HSA) is a tax-advantaged account created for or by individuals covered under high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) to save for qualified medical expenses. Contributions are made into the account by the individual or their employer and are limited to a maximum amount each year. The contributions are invested over time and can be used to pay for qualified medical expenses, such as medical, dental, and vision care, as well as prescr...

What Is Networking?Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among people with a common profession or special interest, usually in an informal social setting. Networking often begins with a single point of common ground. Professionals use networking to expand their circles of acquaintances, find out about job opportunities in their fields, and increase their awareness of news and trends in their fields or the greater world.KEY TAKEAWAYSNetworking is used by professionals to widen th...

What Is the Zero-Volatility Spread (Z-Spread)?The Zero-volatility spread (Z-spread) is the constant spread that makes the price of a security equal to the present value of its cash flows when added to the yield at each point on the spot rate Treasury curve where cash flow is received. In other words, each cash flow is discounted at the appropriate Treasury spot rate plus the Z-spread. The Z-spread is also known as a static spread.Formula and Calculation for the Zero-Volatility SpreadTo calcul...

What Is a Limit Order?A limit order is a type of order to purchase or sell a security at a specified price or better. For buy limit orders, the order will be executed only at the limit price or a lower one, while for sell limit orders, the order will be executed only at the limit price or a higher one. This stipulation allows traders to better control the prices they trade. By using a buy limit order, the investor is guaranteed to pay that price or less. While the price is guaranteed, the fil...

What Is a Limit Order?A limit order is a type of order to purchase or sell a security at a specified price or better. For buy limit orders, the order will be executed only at the limit price or a lower one, while for sell limit orders, the order will be executed only at the limit price or a higher one. This stipulation allows traders to better control the prices they trade. By using a buy limit order, the investor is guaranteed to pay that price or less. While the price is guaranteed, the fil...

What Is Capitalism?Capitalism is an economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods. At the same time, business owners (capitalists) employ workers (labor) who only receive wages; labor does not own the means of production but only uses them on behalf of the owners of capital. The production of goods and services under capitalism is based on supply and demand in the general market—known as a market economy—rather than through central planning—known as a planned ec...

What Is Capitalism?Capitalism is an economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods. At the same time, business owners (capitalists) employ workers (labor) who only receive wages; labor does not own the means of production but only uses them on behalf of the owners of capital. The production of goods and services under capitalism is based on supply and demand in the general market—known as a market economy—rather than through central planning—known as a planned ec...

What Is a General Ledger?A general ledger represents the record-keeping system for a company’s financial data, with debit and credit account records validated by a trial balance. It provides a record of each financial transaction that takes place during the life of an operating company and holds account information that is needed to prepare the company’s financial statements. Transaction data is segregated, by type, into accounts for assets, liabilities, owners’ equity, revenues, and expenses...

What Is a General Ledger?A general ledger represents the record-keeping system for a company’s financial data, with debit and credit account records validated by a trial balance. It provides a record of each financial transaction that takes place during the life of an operating company and holds account information that is needed to prepare the company’s financial statements. Transaction data is segregated, by type, into accounts for assets, liabilities, owners’ equity, revenues, and expenses...