For the past few winters, I've been teaching my kids to ice skate.  Above is my son Theo at hockey practice a few weeks ago. At a certain point along the way, I got the bug and realized that skating was awesome and hockey was a beautiful sport.  So for the past year or so, I've been playing adult rec hockey through an great program here in Boston called StinkySocks. The thing is, I've never played ice hockey before, and am only a so-so skater (maybe above average for regular people, but way way below hockey quality).  So it's been a steep learning curve.  What's been so illuminating about it is the combination of how hard it is -- meaning, how unnatural some of the moves are at first -- and how quickly progress does happen with enough practice. I played last night -- my third game of this season -- and realized that while I'm not all the way there yet, I'm much much more comfortable on the ice than I was at the beginning of last year.  I'm skating backwards, making hard turns, and just generally keeping good balance most of the time.  Reflecting back on the past year, it's really satisfying to feel those changes sink in, and what it's pointed out to me is how much change is accomplished by a series of small steps, rather than a single big bang. This whole process has also been a great exercise in learning online.  Turns out that YouTube is full of video tutorials on the minutia of ice skating.  For example, check this one out, on "backwards crossovers" (the skill I'm working on right now): It's just so great to be studying something -- whether that's law or chemistry or programming or ice skating -- and be able to benefit from such great resources.  It continues to amaze me how much time and effort people will invest in building educational resources online for others. As with a lot of things, the trick here seems to be developing a habit and a routine.  Since my son started hockey lessons in November, we've been going skating every Saturday afternoon, and for the past month I've been playing every Wednesday evening.  Getting on the ice twice a week, even just for an hour, has done so much to develop my feel for skating.  This is true for lots of other things, and has been a great reminder to me how much routine and patience matter when building any new skill or habit. Finally, I've been thinking a lot lately about my Uncle Gerry who passed away over Christmas.  He's the one I credit with teaching me to love winter sports, skiing and skating included.  He was 87, and in his day, was a monster hockey player, including an NCAA championship win in 1957. Here's a picture of Gerry on the ice during his youth:

So perhaps part of why I've been so into this lately is the way that Gerry was fading, while my own son was growing up.  And part of it was wanting to get that feeling into my legs that I know he knew and loved.  It's been a fun journey and I'm hoping I can keep the practice going.

It's been an intense 10 months since the FCC approved its latest Open Internet rules (aka Net Neutrality). On the wired side, we've seen the unbundling of content, as channels such as HBO (via HBO Now) and ESPN (via Sling TV) have split from cable to go "over-the-top" with direct-to consumer offerings.  These are a direct result of the clear FCC rules prohibiting broadband providers from throttling, degrading, or otherwise fucking with this internet traffic.  This is clearly pro-consumer, as people can now buy the channels they want unbundled from the crap they don't, and it's pro-innovation, in that even the smallest video startup is now competing on even footing with the big guys -- I can launch a video service tomorrow that competes head-on with HBO or ESPN, and both of us have exactly the same distribution, without having to cut a deal with the cable company. On the wireless side, it's been much more of a circus, as wireless providers experiment with a variety of so-called "zero-rating" plans.  Zero-rating is the practice of selectively exempting certain content from wireless data caps.  Zero-rating isn't monolithic -- there are many ways one can do it, which are varying degrees of bad -- which is why the FCC didn't explicitly rule on zero-rating, but rather left it up for review on a case-by-case basis. The two cases that are happening right now are T-Mobile's Binge-On, which exempts certain video providers from data caps (and throttles the speed of all video), and Facebook's Free Basics (formerly Internet.org), which offers free access to Facebook and partner content to mobile users in India and Africa. Both have been controversial, and Free Basics wildly so. The question that we've been wrestling with is: if you believe that exemptions from data caps are pro-consumer (and this is not a given), then to what extent to these programs enable or limit open competition?  To what extent are they "open" or "neutral"?  To what extent are the underlying platforms controlling access, playing favorites, and limiting competition? Looking at it that way, then Free Basics is really, really, really bad, and Binge-on is just kind of bad. With Binge On, any "qualifying provider" can join the program and have their video content exempted from participating users' data caps (here are the exact terms).  So, you still need to jump through a hoop to get outside of the cap, but theoretically anyone can do it; you don't need to cut a special deal with T-Mobile.  Then, T-Mobile also throttles download speeds of all video for participating customers (regardless of whether the source is a Binge-on partner).  While this is sucky and disingenuous, and clearly violates the FCC open internet rules, it doesn't have as huge a direct impact on competition & innovation as Free Basics does. The question Binge-on raises is: are data caps necessary at all, and what impact does throttling video have on video innovation and investment in network capacity.  Those are valid points which are central to the theory of the virtuous cycle of investment in content and infrastructure and the reason for the FCC's ban on throttling by content provider or by class of content (in this case, video). Free Basics, on the other hand, is creating a Facebook-controlled walled-garden -- a modern-day "AOL on the Internet" -- where partners must both be approved on a one-by-one basis, and must also submit to having their content completely proxied and remixed through Facebook's platform.  This post -- Free Basics is a Nightmare on the Internet -- has a very detailed breakdown of the issues with Free Basics. For the hundreds of millions of users who join the "internet" via Free Basics, they won't be joining the real internet, they'll be joining "Facebooknet" -- a limited, controlled version of the internet that lives inside of Facebook.  This is clearly not a charitable program offering access to millions of unconnected users, but rather a brilliantly evil user acquisition and business development strategy. So, the question then becomes, what would be a better way to deliver internet access to the hundreds of millions of people who will be coming online in the next decade?  How can we ensure that they get connected, and also ensure that they benefit from the diversity, openness and innovation of the real internet?  How can we design access programs that are pro-consumer, pro-competition and pro-innovation? I won't go into all the details here, but there are a few ideas, including:

• Offering the full internet, for free, at reduced speeds (Aircel is doing this in India now)

• Offer free data as an incentive to buy handsets (Mozilla is doing this in Bangladesh)

• Offer a government-sponsored direct benefit to citizens for mobile data (as proposed here)

Related are the points that internet access in India is already growing very quickly without Free Basics (India grew from 300M to 400M mobile users in 2014) and that smartphone purchase is actually the most expensive part of getting online, not data access. So, I suppose that the "network level" innovation that's happening here is good in that it's teasing out all the possible schemes and giving us a real close look at the details of each.  My view is that, despite its warts, T-Mobile's Binge-On is closer to the spirit of bringing users the whole internet as quickly and cheaply as possible, while Free Basics is closer to a geniusly evil world domination scheme.

Breaking the ice -- been off the blogs for quite a while now. Looking forward to this year, the way I tend to every year.  2015 was a tough one for me personally -- went through a bunch of shit on the family front that both demonstrated how tough life can be and also how resilient people are. I'm incredibly thankful for my friends, family and colleagues, who continue to inspire, support and challenge my family and me. Let's get it on.