Artificial Inteligence

China launches an AI supercomputer satellite constellation, processing data directly in orbit with cutting-edge laser technology.

02 Jun 2025 2 min

China has ushered in a new technological era by launching the world’s first space-based AI supercomputer network, known as the Three-Body Computing Constellation. This project is far more than a typical satellite network; it represents a revolutionary leap in data processing, with computation happening directly in orbit, no longer dependent on ground-based servers. With a long-term plan of 2,800 satellites, this AI supercomputer infrastructure is poised to reshape the global digital landscape.

Using the Long March 2D rocket, the first 12 satellites were successfully launched on May 14, 2025, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The project is led by ADA Space, a Chengdu-based startup, in collaboration with Zhejiang Lab. Their joint vision is to reduce China’s dependence on land-based data centers while building a world-leading position in artificial intelligence and real-time data processing.

Each satellite in the constellation carries an AI model with 8 billion parameters, capable of 744 tera operations per second (TOPS). Together, the initial 12 satellites deliver a combined computational power of 5 peta operations per second (POPS). The ultimate target, once the full constellation is deployed, is a staggering 1,000 POPS—equal to one quintillion operations per second. This places China at the forefront of the global AI supercomputer race.

The technological edge doesn’t end there. Every satellite is linked through a laser network with transfer speeds up to 100 gigabits per second, allowing for ultra-fast, efficient inter-satellite data sharing. Each satellite also provides 30 terabytes of shared onboard storage, enabling large-scale data analysis directly in space.

Unlike conventional satellites that simply gather raw data and beam it back to Earth, the Three-Body Computing Constellation processes information in real time while in orbit. This reduces latency, cuts bandwidth needs, and lightens the load on ground infrastructure. AI-powered processing is further enhanced by the use of natural cooling, leveraging the frigid vacuum of space for energy efficiency and environmental friendliness.

During the maiden mission, one of the satellites also carried a cosmic X-ray polarimeter. This scientific payload is designed to detect cosmic events like gamma-ray bursts and can trigger rapid follow-up responses from other linked missions. This represents a significant step forward in astronomical observation and real-time monitoring of cosmic phenomena.

This space-based AI supercomputer isn’t just about national interests. Zhejiang Lab’s director, Wang Jian, has stated that the project welcomes international collaboration with institutions worldwide. China openly aims to play a central role in the architecture of the digital future.

With this leap, China is challenging the dominance of traditional data centers in the US and Europe. The Three-Body Computing Constellation is widely regarded as the first operational space-based AI system, surpassing similar experimental efforts previously seen in the West.

The project’s strategic value lies not only in technological innovation. Harnessing solar power and the natural cooling of space, this system is greener than conventional data centers, which typically require vast amounts of electricity and water. As a result, the constellation is expected to accelerate advancements in climate solutions, disaster early warning systems, and global real-time scientific research.

China’s space-based AI supercomputer marks a pivotal moment in the global tech race. As the Three-Body Computing Constellation grows, it is expected to spark a new era of data transformation worldwide, strengthening China’s position as an innovation leader.