Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is inextricably associated in our minds with a dog, as Newton is with an apple, and Przhevalsky is with a horse. The expression "Pavlov's dog" has long been a symbol of a meek and defenseless victim of cruel experiments. But is this really the case? Pavlov conducted experiments on an operated but recovered dog. Before him, physiologists simply made incisions on the body of an immobilized animal and watched how the right organ worked. Ivan Petrovich believed that thi...
