#2025 #CryptoAttack In the previous article, “2025 Crypto Privacy Technology Review,” we mentioned a set of figures circulating online: in 2025, the entire cryptocurrency industry suffered cumulative losses exceeding USD 3.4 billion, setting a new historical high. Of this amount, May alone saw as many as 20 security incidents, averaging nearly one security incident every 1.5 days. Here are just a few examples:In February, Bybit suffered a crypto asset theft of approximately USD 1.46 billion;I...

#2025 #CryptoAttack In the previous article, “2025 Crypto Privacy Technology Review,” we mentioned a set of figures circulating online: in 2025, the entire cryptocurrency industry suffered cumulative losses exceeding USD 3.4 billion, setting a new historical high. Of this amount, May alone saw as many as 20 security incidents, averaging nearly one security incident every 1.5 days. Here are just a few examples:In February, Bybit suffered a crypto asset theft of approximately USD 1.46 billion;I...

#Review #Crypto It is the last month of 2025, and it’s time for a round of “year-in-review” content. We’ll start with a review of the 2025 crypto regulatory progress across major countries and regions. This series will later include, but is not limited to: a stablecoin market review, a memecoin market review, a review of crypto attack incidents, a SuperEx platform review, and more. Today is the fourth installment of this series. The topic is “2025 Review of Crypto Privacy Technologies.” Over ...

#Review #Crypto It is the last month of 2025, and it’s time for a round of “year-in-review” content. We’ll start with a review of the 2025 crypto regulatory progress across major countries and regions. This series will later include, but is not limited to: a stablecoin market review, a memecoin market review, a review of crypto attack incidents, a SuperEx platform review, and more. Today is the fourth installment of this series. The topic is “2025 Review of Crypto Privacy Technologies.” Over ...

In this installment of our education series, we refocus on foundational blockchain concepts and talk about blockchain “transparency” and “anonymity.” These two concepts are often mentioned together, and on the surface they are very easy to understand — but very few people truly understand them deeply. On one hand, blockchain is described as a transparent system where “the entire ledger is public, anyone can check it, and it cannot be tampered with.” On the other hand, it is also seen as synon...

In this installment of our education series, we refocus on foundational blockchain concepts and talk about blockchain “transparency” and “anonymity.” These two concepts are often mentioned together, and on the surface they are very easy to understand — but very few people truly understand them deeply. On one hand, blockchain is described as a transparent system where “the entire ledger is public, anyone can check it, and it cannot be tampered with.” On the other hand, it is also seen as synon...

Inflation and deflation are two foundational concepts in macroeconomics. In the traditional sense, they are generally used for national-level macroeconomic regulation and are basic concepts that determine the supply rules of an entire nation-level market. Although they have some impact on ordinary people’s lives, at the conceptual level they seem to have nothing to do with ordinary people at all. But in the crypto world, these two terms are frequently misused, abused, and even turned into mar...

Inflation and deflation are two foundational concepts in macroeconomics. In the traditional sense, they are generally used for national-level macroeconomic regulation and are basic concepts that determine the supply rules of an entire nation-level market. Although they have some impact on ordinary people’s lives, at the conceptual level they seem to have nothing to do with ordinary people at all. But in the crypto world, these two terms are frequently misused, abused, and even turned into mar...

#PBFT #BFT Let us first return to a very practical question. In the previous article, we mentioned a conclusion given by Byzantine Fault Tolerance theory: if there are f malicious nodes in a system, then at least 3f + 1 nodes are required for the system to operate securely. This conclusion is mathematically correct. However, theory is theory, and reality often presents many problems that theory does not address, such as:The theory does not tell you how nodes should communicateIt does not tell...

#PBFT #BFT Let us first return to a very practical question. In the previous article, we mentioned a conclusion given by Byzantine Fault Tolerance theory: if there are f malicious nodes in a system, then at least 3f + 1 nodes are required for the system to operate securely. This conclusion is mathematically correct. However, theory is theory, and reality often presents many problems that theory does not address, such as:The theory does not tell you how nodes should communicateIt does not tell...

#Review #CryptoEcosystem #SuperEx December is the final month of 2025, and it’s time for a full review series. We started with the review of global crypto regulatory progress across major countries and regions in 2025, and this series will continue to include (but is not limited to): a stablecoin market review, a Memecoin market review, a review of crypto attack incidents, a SuperEx platform review, and more. Today is the third installment of the series. The theme is “Review of the 10 Most Mi...

#Review #CryptoEcosystem #SuperEx December is the final month of 2025, and it’s time for a full review series. We started with the review of global crypto regulatory progress across major countries and regions in 2025, and this series will continue to include (but is not limited to): a stablecoin market review, a Memecoin market review, a review of crypto attack incidents, a SuperEx platform review, and more. Today is the third installment of the series. The theme is “Review of the 10 Most Mi...

#KillLines # Crypto Recently, the concept of “Kill Lines” has unexpectedly gone viral in financial markets. The idea comes from games, where players define a “threshold line” at which a monster or an enemy player can be instantly executed once their health drops into a certain range. Surprisingly, it maps extremely well onto financial markets — especially crypto finance. And all of this was triggered by a single sentence and a story from the community:“Once your life drops below some invisibl...

#KillLines # Crypto Recently, the concept of “Kill Lines” has unexpectedly gone viral in financial markets. The idea comes from games, where players define a “threshold line” at which a monster or an enemy player can be instantly executed once their health drops into a certain range. Surprisingly, it maps extremely well onto financial markets — especially crypto finance. And all of this was triggered by a single sentence and a story from the community:“Once your life drops below some invisibl...

#Review #2025 The overall performance of the cryptocurrency market in 2025 was far from impressive. Global crypto market capitalization fell by roughly 15% compared to the beginning of the year. Major assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum experienced intense price volatility, while market confidence was suppressed by a combination of macroeconomic pressure and regulatory uncertainty. However, despite weak price performance, the industry made critical progress in regulatory recognition and in it...

#Review #2025 The overall performance of the cryptocurrency market in 2025 was far from impressive. Global crypto market capitalization fell by roughly 15% compared to the beginning of the year. Major assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum experienced intense price volatility, while market confidence was suppressed by a combination of macroeconomic pressure and regulatory uncertainty. However, despite weak price performance, the industry made critical progress in regulatory recognition and in it...

#ValidatorRotation #EducationalSeries Let’s start with one extremely important statement:The more decentralized a system is, the less it can afford to concentrate power in the same group of nodes for a long time. If, in a network:The same few participants are always producing blocksThe same few participants are always validating transactionsThe same few participants are always sharing the rewardsWhat will happen? The answer is simple: power becomes entrenched, incentives become rigid, and net...

#ValidatorRotation #EducationalSeries Let’s start with one extremely important statement:The more decentralized a system is, the less it can afford to concentrate power in the same group of nodes for a long time. If, in a network:The same few participants are always producing blocksThe same few participants are always validating transactionsThe same few participants are always sharing the rewardsWhat will happen? The answer is simple: power becomes entrenched, incentives become rigid, and net...

#Slots #Epochs When many people try to understand blockchains, they focus more on TPS, Gas, and consensus algorithms. Even our previous educational articles have emphasized these aspects. But there is a very fundamental and extremely critical design that is often overlooked: time is sliced into Slots and Epochs. Does it feel a bit like reading a paper? These look like two academic concepts, but if we learn Slot and Epoch separately and then combine them, they become much easier to understand....

#Slots #Epochs When many people try to understand blockchains, they focus more on TPS, Gas, and consensus algorithms. Even our previous educational articles have emphasized these aspects. But there is a very fundamental and extremely critical design that is often overlooked: time is sliced into Slots and Epochs. Does it feel a bit like reading a paper? These look like two academic concepts, but if we learn Slot and Epoch separately and then combine them, they become much easier to understand....